LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“probe” in Latin

The English word probe itself goes back to Latin probus, through probare.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

probe s.
specillum (Cic.; Cels.).
probe v.
PROP., *specillo vulnus explorare.
Figuratively, explorare: exquirere: scrutari, perscrutari aliquid. (The words are found in this connection and order.) investigare et scrutari: indagare et pervestigare: investigare.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for probe?
The usual Latin words for “probe” are specillum, explōrō, exquīrō; also scrūtor, investīgō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.