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“precursor” in Latin

The English word precursor itself goes back to Latin currō, through praecursor.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

precursor
PROP., praecursor (Liv.); prodromus (Cic., Att., 1, 12, 1); anteambulo (Suet., Vesp., 2).
Figuratively, quasi dux consequents alicujus rei (Cic., Tusc., 4, 30, 64): praecursor, in this sense, late; but praecursor et emissarius alicujus for “a person’s precursor” if commissioned by him, his emissary, is classical (Cic.); zephyrus praenuntius veris (Lucr., 5, 736; precursor of spring).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for precursor?
The usual Latin words for “precursor” are praecursor, prodrŏmus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.