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“mediterranean” in Latin

The English word mediterranean itself goes back to Latin terra, through mediterrāneus.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

mediterranean
mediterraneus (opposed to maritimus, Caes., Plin.): the Mediterranean sea, mare medium, internum, or (as the Romans would say) mare nostrum (But ☞ not mare mediterraneum in this sense; Isidorus applies this to the ocean between Asia, Africa, and Europe).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for mediterranean?
The usual Latin words for “mediterranean” are mediterrāneus, internus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.