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“fathom” in Latin

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

fathom s.
*orgyia (ὀργυιά; the Romans did not use this measure): terni cubiti; or perhaps ulna (a measure varying from six to eight feet).
Penetration or depth, Vid:
Fathom-line, cataprorates (= “linea cum massa plumbea, qua maris altitudo tentatur,” Isid. Orig.).
fathom v.
To sound the depth of water, maris altitudinem tentare (Isid. Orig.).
To penetrate into, explorare: pervestigare: indagare et pervestigare: perspicere: to fathom the truth, quid verum sit, exquirere.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for fathom?
The usual Latin words for “fathom” are explōrō, pervestīgō, perspiciō; also exquīrō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.