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“derivation” in Latin

The English word derivation itself goes back to Latin rīvō, through derivatio.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

derivation
of a word, verbi originatio: etymologia (denotes not only the derivation but also the explanation of a word from its root; according to Quint., 1, 6, 28, originatio was the word used for derivation by several writers of his time); origo: verbi derivatio (the formation of the word from an existing word; e.g., Pelides from Peleus).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for derivation?
The usual Latin words for “derivation” are etymologia, orīgō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.