LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“channel” in Latin

The English word channel itself goes back to Latin canālis.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

channel
canalis (general term): rivus (course in which a stream of water runs): specus (subterraneous channel, Caes., B.C, 3, 49): fossa (to join two streams or lakes). Small channel, canaliculus or canalicula.
Narrow sea, fretum. The Channel (i. e., between England and France), *fretum Britannicum.
A way leading to an end, via: ratio: also quod eo, quo intendas, fert deducitque.

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for channel?
The usual Latin words for “channel” are canālis, rīvus, specus; also fossa, fretum, via. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.