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“castle” in Latin

The English word castle itself goes back to Latin castrum, through castellum.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

castle
arx (on an eminence, and fortified): castrum (fort: rare): castellum (small fort, fort). Governor of a castle, *castelli praefectus. Castles in the air, somnia. To build castles in the air, somnia sibi fingere (Lucr.): in aere piscari (Plaut., according to Riddle).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for castle?
The usual Latin words for “castle” are arx, castrum, castellum; also somniō. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.