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“astrology” in Latin

The English word astrology itself goes back to Latin astrologia.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

astrology
astrologia (in classical Latin the regular word for “astronomy;” afterward = “astrology”): ratio sideralis or scientia sideralis (knowledge of the stars, especially if used to foretell events by it: the former objective; the latter subjective): rationes Chaldaicae (astrology, as an art practiced by the Chaldaeans, Cic.): mathematica (e.g., in mathematicae addictus, Suet.): Chaldaicum praedicendi genus (Cic.).

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for astrology?
The usual Latin words for “astrology” are astrologia, mathēmaticus. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.