LATIN DICTIONARYLexicon Latīnum
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“aborigines” in Latin

The English word aborigines itself goes back to Latin aborīginēs.

Riddle & Arnold A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon, 1864

aborigines
Aborigines, um (mostly the original inhabitants of a country; a particular people in Italy, the name being either from ab and origo, or Ἀβοριγῖνες = descendants of the Abori, Ombri, or Umbri. Grotefend).
Autochthones (Apul.). The original inhabitants of Britain, qui initio Britanniam incoluerunt.
Aborigines
Aborigines, -um (m.)

Quick answer

What is the Latin word for aborigines?
The usual Latin words for “aborigines” are aborīginēs, orīgō, umber; also autochthŏnes. The right choice depends on the sense; see the distinctions below.

Entry from J. E. Riddle & T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English–Latin Lexicon (rev. C. Anthon, New York: Harper, 1864), digitised by Fergus J. P. Walsh, CC BY-SA 4.0; Latin markup adapted by latindictionary.co.