noun · femininethird declension
clādēs
clādēs f (genitive clādis)
Classical[ˈkɫaː.deːs]Ecclesiastical[ˈklaː.des]
Meaning
- a breaking
- destruction, disaster
- defeat
[...] ibi caedēs omnia obtinuit; castra capiuntur et nē nūntius quidem clādis relictus.
27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 5.49.6
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Declension
| form | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | clādēs | clādēs |
| genitive | clādis | clādium |
| dative | clādī | clādibus |
| accusative | clādem | clādēs clādīs |
| ablative | clāde | clādibus |
| vocative | clādēs | clādēs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- cladem accipere
- to suffer a defeat.
- cladem hostibus afferre, inferre
- to inflict a defeat on the enemy.
clādes, is (
I. gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:
cladum, Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. κλάω, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius. I. Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,
A. In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;
class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3: haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas, Lucr. 6, 1125: dare late cladem magnasque ruinas, id. 5, 347: etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis, Cic. Brut. 97, 332: atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori, id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25: et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis, id. Sest. 13, 31: cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus, id. Pis. 37, 91: quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: captae urbis Romanae clades, Liv. 5, 21, 16: publica, Tac. A. 14, 64: tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit, Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191: plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra), Liv. 8, 2, 8: quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades! Lucr. 5, 48: aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli, id. 5, 369: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, Liv. 22, 4, 1: colonias belli clade premi, Curt. 9, 7, 22: colonias omni clade vastare, id. 4, 1, 10: majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132: per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est, of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38: quo tantae cladis pretio, i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57: recens, the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.: Lugdunensis, the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.: si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura, without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.—Poet.: cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris, Ov. M. 9, 176: Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—B. Esp.
1. In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:
ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent, Sall. J. 59, 3: exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit, Liv. 39, 1, 4: iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos, Verg. A. 12, 556: quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit, Curt. 4, 12, 15; so freq.: accipere cladem, to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17; 22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta, Quint. 9, 2, 62: classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit, Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7: postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies, Liv. 25, 19, 16: omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata, id. 29, 3, 8: non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades, id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4: tantā mole cladis obrui, Liv. 22, 54, 10: terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur, Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5: binaque castra clade unā deleta, Liv. 30, 6, 6: exercituum, Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch: quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet, Verg. A. 2, 362: Germanica, Tac. H. 4, 12: Variana, id. A. 1, 57: Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur, id. H. 1, 50. —Poet.: ut barbarorum Claudius agmina ... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men), Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—2. Of the plague:
inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades, Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.: sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium, Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—3. Of the loss of a limb:
Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum, Liv. 2, 13, 1.—II. Transf.
A. Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:
geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, Verg. A. 6, 843: haec clades, of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—B. Of dissolute morals, corruption:
fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit, Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
clādēs (clādis, L.) is, f
1 CEL-, destruction, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity: importuna civitatis: Luctifica: magna, S.: captae urbis, L.: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, L.: urbs sine Milonis clade numquam conquietura, without ruining Milo: privatae per domos, the losses of particular families, L.: Cladibus pascere nostris, O.: Troiae Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, H.—In war, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: magnam cladem in congressu facere, S.: accipere cladem, to be beaten, L.: magnam populo R. cladem attulit: non volnus super volnus sed multiplex clades, L.: illius noctis, V.: sine clade victor, i. e. without loss, H.—A pest, plague: in ipsos Erumpit clades, O.—A loss, maiming: dextrae manūs, L.—A destroyer, scourge, pest: Libyae, V. — Corruption: Hoc fonte derivata clades, etc., H.
Origins
From Proto-Italic *klādēs, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂d-, from *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *kladiwos, Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos), Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtei (“to beat”) (compare Lithuanian kálti (“to hammer”), Old Church Slavonic клати (klati, “to stab”)), Old English hild (“war, battle”). Related to Latin percellō, procella.
Descendants
- Italianclade