adjectivefirst/second-declension adjective
obnoxius
obnoxius (feminine obnoxia, neuter obnoxium, adverb obnoxiē)
Classical[ɔbˈnɔk.si.ʊs]Ecclesiastical[obˈnɔk.si.us]
Meaning
- Old Latinadjectiverarethe injured party
Ego tibi mē obnoxium esse fateor culpae compotem.
I confess I am liable to you, sharing the guilt.c. 189 BCE, Plautus, Truculentus 4.3.61 - Old Latinablativeadjectivegenitivewith dativea fault
[…]animus in cōnsulundō līber neque dēlictō neque lubīdinī obnoxius.
[…] a spirit free in counsel, guilty of nether crime nor passion.c. 42 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Bellum Catilinae 52.21Proptereā ergō in suspiciōnem et odium veniēns pāgānōrum, quoniam pūblicē sacrificantēs inspiciēns stābat, et ingemiscēns ōrābat atque clāmābat, nē ūllus Chrīstiānōrum huiusmodī errōre tenērētur obnoxius.
He came to be suspected and hated by Pagans, because he stood looking at those sacrificing in public while praying and shouting in a groaning manner, so that none of the Christians would be held guilty of this sort of error.c. 550 CE, Cassiodorus, Historia ecclesiastica tripartita 6.14.5 in Patrologia Latina (volume 69), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), Paris 1865, column 1040 - Old Latinadjectivea punishment
Quāpropter fatendum est prīmōs quidem hominēs ita fuisse īnstitūtōs, ut, sī nōn peccāssent, nūllum mortis experīrentur genus; sed eōsdem prīmōs peccātōrēs ita fuisse morte multātōs, ut etiam quidquid dē eōrum stirpe esset exortum eādem poenā tenērētur obnoxium.
Therefore it must be said that the first humans were taught that, were they not to have sinned, they wouldn't have experienced any kind of death, and that the first sinners were rewarded with death so that whatever is born of their kind be held liable to the same punishment.412 CE – 426 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, De civitate Dei 13.3 - adjectiveobliged, indebted
Tum uxōrī obnoxius sum: ita ōlim suō mē ingeniō pertulit,
Then I am indebted to my wife: such has she, in her good-naturedness, put up with me and with all my injustices which she's never made known anywhere.165 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Hecyra 3.1.22–23[…]existimāmus nōs eōs[…]nōn vōtōrum dēbitīs habēre obnoxiōs et obligātōs […]
[…] we reckon them […] not to hold men obliged and indebted for the vows they owe […]c. 303 CE, Arnobius, Against the Pagans 6.2.1 - adjectivesubject to someone, under one's authority
Pars hominum vitiīs gaudet cōnstanter et urget prōpositum; pars multa natat, modo rēcta capessēns,
A portion of men constantly takes joy in vice and stays true to their purpose; a great portion wavers, now engaging in rightful things, other times subject to sin.c. 35 BCE, Horatius, Sermones 2.7.6–8Aliī aliōs intuērī, contemplārī arma mox trādenda et inermēs futūrās dextrās obnoxiaque corpora hostī.
They looked at one another, contemplated the weapons soon to be given up and the right hands soon to be unarmed and the bodies subject to the enemy.27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita 9.5.8 - adjectivesusceptible to danger, misfortune, or weakness, vulnerable
- adjectiveliable or addicted to a fault or failing, guilty of it
Invidia perniciōsum inter hominēs malum maximēque internecīvum, sibi aliīsque pariter obnoxium.
Envy is a pernicious and most deadly evil along men, just as harmful to oneself and to others.c. 140 CE, Marcus Cornelius Fronto, Epistles 4.1.3 - adjectivebeing security for a bond, debt, credit, etc., liable to be distressed, seized; extended to the debtor: answerable, e.g., by confinement or corporal punishment
[…]iussique consules ferre ad populum[…]pecuniae creditae bona debitoris, non corpus obnoxium esset.
The consuls were also intimated to propose a law through which the goods of the debitors would only be answerable, not his body.27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita VIII
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
subiectusobnoxius -a -um — in Metamorphoses I, ch. 23
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | obnoxius | obnoxia | obnoxium |
| genitive | obnoxiī | obnoxiae | obnoxiī |
| dative | obnoxiō | obnoxiae | obnoxiō |
| accusative | obnoxium | obnoxiam | obnoxium |
| ablative | obnoxiō | obnoxiā | obnoxiō |
| vocative | obnoxie | obnoxia | obnoxium |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | obnoxiī | obnoxiae | obnoxia |
| genitive | obnoxiōrum | obnoxiārum | obnoxiōrum |
| dative | obnoxiīs | obnoxiīs | obnoxiīs |
| accusative | obnoxiōs | obnoxiās | obnoxia |
| ablative | obnoxiīs | obnoxiīs | obnoxiīs |
| vocative | obnoxiī | obnoxiae | obnoxia |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui)
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion.
ob-noxĭus, a, um, adj.
I. Lit.
A. Subject, liable to punishment, obnoxious to punishment, punishable: obnoxius poenae obligatus ob delictum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 191 Müll.:
ego tibi me obnoxium esse fateor culpae compotem, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 61; Dig. 48, 15, 1: ego lege Aquiliā obnoxius sum, ib. 11, 3, 14.—B. Liable or addicted to a fault or failing, guilty of it (cf.: deditus, addictus); constr.
1. With dat.:
animus neque delicto neque lubidini obnoxius, not addicted to vice or to sensual pleasures, Sall. C. 52, 21: communi culpae, Ov. A. A. 1, 395: facto, Tib. 3, 4, 15.—2. With gen.:
obnoxios criminum, digno supplicio subjectos, sepulturae tradi non vetamus, for, on account of, Cod. Just. 3, 44, 11.—II. Transf., in gen.
A. Subject, submissive, obedient, complying:
dum illos obnoxios fidosque sibi faceret, Sall. C. 14, 6: obnoxium atque subjectum esse alicui, Liv. 7, 30, 2; 6, 28, 7; 23, 12, 9; 37, 53, 4; 42, 46, 3; Flor. 4, 4, 2. —B. Obliged, under obligation, beholden, indebted, responsible, answerable:
uxori obnoxius sum, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 22: totam Graeciam beneficio libertatis obnoxiam Romanis esse, Liv. 35, 31: fratris radiis obnoxia Luna, Verg. G. 1, 396: facies nullis obnoxia gemmis, not indebted to any jewels, Prop. 1, 2, 21: tantum in eo obnoxius est, si quid ipse dolo fecerit, Gai. Inst. 3, 207.—C. Exposed to a person, humbled before one:
ne obnoxius filio sim et servo, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 80.—D. Submissive, abject, servile, slavish, mean-spirited, timid, cowardly, etc.:
non quibus ego essem obnoxius, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 150: summissaeque manus, faciesque obnoxia mansit, Ov. M. 5, 235: si aut superbus, aut obnoxius videar, Liv. 23, 12: pax, servile, dishonorable, id. 9, 10.—2. Subject, liable, exposed, obnoxious to any thing; with dat., ad, or in and acc.
(a). With dat.:
infidis consiliis obnoxius, Tac. H. 3, 55: insidiis, id. A. 14, 40: infelici fecunditate fortunae, exposed, id. ib. 2, 75: aemulationi, odio, privatis affectionibus, id. ib. 3, 58: morbo, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 221: contumeliis, Suet. Tib. 63: bello, Ov. P. 1, 8, 73: plerique Crasso ex negotiis privatis obnoxii, Sall. C. 48, 5: urbs artis itineribus (sc. incendiis), Tac. A. 15, 38.—(b). With ad: terra solida ad tales casus obnoxia, exposed to such accidents (viz. earthquakes), Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 197.—
(g). With in and acc.:
in omnia obnoxius, exposed to every thing, Flor. 3, 20, 1. —3. In gen., exposed or liable to injury, danger, or misfortune, weak, infirm, frail:
in hoc obnoxio domicilio animus liber habitat, Sen. Ep. 65, 21: supplex et obnoxius, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6: corpora, sickly, weakly, Plin. 31, 6, 32, § 60: flos, which soon falls off, soon suffers injury, frail, delicate, id. 14, 2, 4, § 27.—b. Obnoxium est, it is hazardous, dangerous, Tac. Or. 10.—Comp.:
obnoxior (al. noxior), Sen. Clem. 1, 13.—Hence, adv.: obnoxĭē (only in Plaut. and Liv.). A. Guiltily, culpably:
nihil obnoxie perire, quite innocently, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 41.— B. Submissively, slavishly, timidly:
sententias dicere, Liv. 3, 39, 1.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
ob-noxius adj.,
liable, addicted, guilty: animus lubidini, S.: Terra nulli obnoxia bello, exposed, O.: Obnoxium est (with infin.), it is dangerous, Ta. —Subject, submissive, obedient, complying, servile: vobis, L.: pars (hominum) pravis obnoxia, H.: Crasso ex privatis negotiis, under the influence of, S.: amori uxoris, Ta.—Servile, abject, weak, timid: facies obnoxia, O.: obnoxius videar, L.: pax, dishonorable, L.—Obliged, under obligation, indebted, responsible, answerable: uxori, T.: Graecia beneficio libertatis Romanis, L.: hominum non ulli curae, dependent on, V.: facies nullis obnoxia gemmis, indebted, Pr.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der. Proto-Indo-European *h₁épsder. Proto-Indo-European *h₁óp(i) Proto-Italic *op Latin ob Latin ob- Proto-Indo-European *neḱ-der. Latin noxa Proto-Indo-European *-(i)yós Proto-Italic *-ijos Proto-Italic *-ios Old Latin -ios Latin -ius Latin obnoxius From ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + noxa (“harm, hurt, injury; crime, fault, offence”) + -ius (suffix forming adjectives).
Descendants
- Catalanobnoxi
- Englishobnoxious
- Portugueseobnóxio
- Spanishobnoxio