verbthird conjugation
gemō
gemō (present infinitive gemere, perfect active gemuī, supine gemitum)
Classical[ˈɡɛ.moː]Ecclesiastical[ˈd͡ʒɛː.mo]
Meaning
- to sigh, groan
...sānē murtēta relinquī dictaque cessantem nervīs ēlīdere morbum sulfura contemnī vīcus gemit, invidus aegrīs, quī caput et stomachum suppōnere fontibus audent Clūsīnīs Gabiōsque petunt et frīgida rūra.
Of course the town murmurs at its myrtle-groves being deserted, and its sulphur baths despised, so famous for driving a lingering disorder from the sinews, and takes offence at invalids who dare to plunge head and stomach under the showers from Clusium's springs, or who repair to Gabii and its cold ocuntry-side.21 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Epistularum liber primus (First Book of Letters): 15 - to creak
- to bemoan, lament
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Suspirare · Gemere
Suspirare, to sigh, is a deep drawing of the breath and then forcible emission of it, as the immediate consequence of an afflicted heart; whereas gemere (γέμειν), to groan, is more of a voluntary act, in order to give vent to the afflicted heart; hence suspirium is more an expression of uneasiness and distress, gemitus of actual pain. Cic. Att. ii. 21. Cum diu occulte suspirassent; postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare cœperunt. (v. 244.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gemō | gemēbam | gemam | gemuī | gemueram | gemuerō |
| 2nd sg. | gemis | gemēbās | gemēs | gemuistī | gemuerās | gemueris |
| 3rd sg. | gemit | gemēbat | gemet | gemuit | gemuerat | gemuerit |
| 1st pl. | gemimus | gemēbāmus | gemēmus | gemuimus | gemuerāmus | gemuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | gemitis | gemēbātis | gemētis | gemuistis | gemuerātis | gemueritis |
| 3rd pl. | gemunt | gemēbant | gement | gemuērunt gemuēre | gemuerant | gemuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gemam | gemerem | gemuerim | gemuissem |
| 2nd sg. | gemās | gemerēs | gemuerīs | gemuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | gemat | gemeret | gemuerit | gemuisset |
| 1st pl. | gemāmus | gemerēmus | gemuerīmus | gemuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | gemātis | gemerētis | gemuerītis | gemuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | gemant | gemerent | gemuerint | gemuissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gemor | gemēbar | gemar |
| 2nd sg. | gemeris gemere | gemēbāris gemēbāre | gemēris gemēre |
| 3rd sg. | gemitur | gemēbātur | gemētur |
| 1st pl. | gemimur | gemēbāmur | gemēmur |
| 2nd pl. | gemiminī | gemēbāminī | gemēminī |
| 3rd pl. | gemuntur | gemēbantur | gementur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | gemar | gemerer |
| 2nd sg. | gemāris gemāre | gemerēris gemerēre |
| 3rd sg. | gemātur | gemerētur |
| 1st pl. | gemāmur | gemerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | gemāminī | gemerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | gemantur | gemerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | geme | gemere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | gemite | gemiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | gemitō | gemitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | gemitō | gemitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | gemitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | gemuntō | gemuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | gemere | gemī |
| perfect infinitive | gemuisse | gemitum esse |
| future infinitive | gemitūrum esse | gemitum īrī |
| present participle | gemēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | gemitus |
| future participle | gemitūrus gemitūra, gemitūrā, gemitūrae, gemitūram, gemitūrārum, gemitūrās, gemitūre, gemitūrī, gemitūrīs, gemitūrō, gemitūrōrum, gemitūrōs, gemitūrum | gemendus gemundus, gemenda, gemendā, gemendae, gemendam, gemendārum, gemendās, gemende, gemendīs, gemendōrum, gemendōs |
gerundgemendī, gemendō, gemendumsupinegemitum, gemitū
gĕmo, ŭi, ĭtum, 3, v. n. and a.
I. [Gr. γέμω, to be full; hence].
I. Neutr., to sigh, groan.
A. Lit. (freq. and class.):
accurrit ad me Incurvus, tremulus, labiis demissis, gemens, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 44: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2: neque gementem neque plorantem, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 47; cf.: hos pro me lugere, hos gemere videbam, Cic. Planc. 42, 101: gemere desiderio alicujus, id. Pis. 11, 25: ah gemat in terris! ista qui protulit ante, let him groan in the lower world, Prop. 2, 6, 31; cf. id. 2, 25 (3, 20), 12. —Of mournful music: nullo gemit hic tibicina cornu, Juv. 2, 90; cf. trop.: surda nihil gemeret grave buccina (Vergilii), id. 7, 69.—Of beasts, to cry, make a mournful noise: (leones) gementes, Lucr. 3, 297: gemuit noctua, Prop. 4 (5), 3, 59: turtur ab ulmo, Verg. E. 1, 59.—B. Poet. transf.
1. Of things, to groan, creak:
visam gementis litora Bospori, Hor. C. 2, 20, 14: repleti amnes, Verg. A. 5, 806: et malus celeri saucius Africo Antennaeque gemant, Hor. C. 1, 14, 6: gemuit sub pondere cymba, Verg. A. 6, 413: stridunt funes, curvatur arbor, gubernacula gemunt, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 4: gemuit parvo mota fenestra sono, Ov. P. 3, 3, 10: gemens rota, Verg. G. 3, 183; Val. Fl. 6, 168.—2. In gen., of animals, to utter complaints: feras cum hominibus gemere fecimus, Avien. Fab. praef. fin.; id. 26.—
II. Act., to sigh over, bemoan, bewail any thing (freq. and class.).
(a). With acc.:
haec gemebant boni, sperabant improbi, Cic. Sest. 30, 66 fin.: dare, quod gemerent hostes, Lucr. 5, 1348: talia voce, Val. Fl. 5, 37: eandem virtutem istam veniet tempus cum graviter gemes, Poët. ap. Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3: flebiliter Ityn, Hor. C. 4, 12, 5: tacite tristem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. 5, 1, 6: multa ignominiam, Verg. G. 3, 226: casus urbis, Juv. 3, 214.—In pass.: atque hic status est, qui una voce omnium gemitur neque verbo cujusquam sublevatur, Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1.—(b). With inf. (poet.):
paucis ostendi gemis, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 4; Stat. Ach. 1, 281: qui servum te gemis esse diu, Mart. 9, 93, 2: sane murteta relinqui ... Sulphura contemni vicus gemit, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 7.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
gemō uī, —, ere
GEM-, to sigh, groan, lament : quis tum non gemuit?: cum templa gemerent, were in mourning : extrema gemens, in the death agony , V.: quadrupes successit gemens stabulis, panting , V.—With acc, to sigh over, bemoan, bewail, lament : haec: flebiliter Ityn, H.: Amyci casum, V.: casūs urbis, Iu.: unā voce omnium gemi: paucis ostendi gemis, H.: arbor flagellari gemuit sua robora, O.— To moan : nullo gemit hic tibicina cornu, Iu.: Nec gemere cessabit turtur ab ulmo, V.: noctua gemuit, Pr.— To groan, creak : gemens Bosporus, H.: gemuit sub pondere cymba, V.: gemens rota, V.
Origins
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to grasp”), whence Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), Ancient Greek γόμος (gómos, “load; cargo”), Lithuanian gùmstu (“to grasp”). The semantic shift would be something like "to grasp, press" > "to take one's fill" > "to groan, moan (from eating too much)". However, De Vaan notes that this series of semantic shifts is quite unlikely, and prefers Vine's theory deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *genH- (“to call”) (with replacement of *-n > -m on the model of semantically similar verbs like fremō (“to roar”) and tremō (“to tremble”)), whence Ancient Greek γέγωνᾰ (gégōnă, “to shout”), Tocharian A ken- (“to call”).
Borrowings
- Catalangemir
- Frenchgémir
- Occitangemir
- Spanishgemir
- Albaniangjëmoj
- Albanianglëmoj
Vulgar Latin
- Italiangemitarefrom unknown *gemitāre
- Italiangemetàfrom unknown *gemitāre
- unknown*gemicāre
- Neapolitangemetiàfrom unknown *gemitāre
Balkano-Romance
- Romaniangeme
- Aromaniandzem
- Aromaniandzemu
Italo-Dalmatian
- Italiangemere
- Venetanxemer
Gallo-Romance
- Frenchgeindrefrom Old French giembre
- Franco-Provençalgendre
- Old Occitangemer
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesegemerfrom Old Galician-Portuguese gemer
- Asturianximir
- Old Spanishemer
Rhaeto-Romance
- Friuliangemi
Gallo-Italic
- Ligurianzemî
- Piedmontesegëmme