verbfirst conjugation
cremō
cremō (present infinitive cremāre, perfect active cremāvī, supine cremātum)
Classical[ˈkrɛ.moː]Ecclesiastical[ˈkrɛː.mo]
Meaning
- to consume or destroy by fire; burn
Damnātum poenam sequī oportēbat, ut īgnī cremārētur.
[If] condemned, the punishment required to follow was that he be burned by fire.c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 1.4 - to burn something to ashes; cremate
- to make a burnt offering
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
igne dēleōcremō -āre — in IVLIANVS I: Gallia, ch. 10
igne cōnsūmōcremō -āre — in IVLIANVS II: Imperium, ch. 19
igne cōnsūmō, ūrōcremō -āre — in Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, ch. 11 and Aeneis, ch. 24
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Accendere · Incendere · Inflammare · Comburere · Cremare
Accendere, incendere, and inflammare, mean ‘to set on fire:’ accendere, from without, and at a single point, like ἀνάπτειν [hence to light a torch, etc.]; incendere, from within, like ἐνδαίειν [hence to set fire to houses, villages]; inflammare, ‘to set on fire,’ either from without or from within, but with bright flames, like ἀναφλογίζειν; comburere and cremare mean ‘to burn up, or consume by fire;’ comburere, with a glowing heat, as the causative of ardere, like κατακαίειν; cremare, with bright flames, as the causative of flagrare like πιμπράναι. Hence, mortui cremantur on a bright blazing funeral pile; vivi comburuntur, Cic. Fam. x. 32. Verr. i. 33 and 38, in order to make the torture of that mode of dying felt the more. (iv. 250.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cremō | cremābam | cremābō | cremāvī | cremāveram | cremāverō cremārō |
| 2nd sg. | cremās | cremābās | cremābis | cremāvistī cremāstī | cremāverās cremārās | cremāveris |
| 3rd sg. | cremat | cremābat | cremābit | cremāvit | cremāverat cremārat | cremāverit cremārit |
| 1st pl. | cremāmus | cremābāmus | cremābimus | cremāvimus | cremāverāmus | cremāverimus cremārimus |
| 2nd pl. | cremātis | cremābātis | cremābitis | cremāvistis cremāstis | cremāverātis cremārātis | cremāveritis cremāritis |
| 3rd pl. | cremant | cremābant | cremābunt | cremāvērunt cremāvēre, cremārunt | cremāverant cremārant | cremāverint cremārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cremem | cremārem | cremāverim cremārim | cremāvissem cremāssem |
| 2nd sg. | cremēs | cremārēs | cremāverīs | cremāvissēs cremāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | cremet | cremāret | cremāverit cremārit | cremāvisset cremāsset |
| 1st pl. | cremēmus | cremārēmus | cremāverīmus cremārīmus | cremāvissēmus cremāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cremētis | cremārētis | cremāverītis cremārītis | cremāvissētis cremāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | crement | cremārent | cremāverint cremārint | cremāvissent cremāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cremor | cremābar | cremābor |
| 2nd sg. | cremāris cremāre | cremābāris cremābāre | cremāberis cremābere |
| 3rd sg. | cremātur | cremābātur | cremābitur |
| 1st pl. | cremāmur | cremābāmur | cremābimur |
| 2nd pl. | cremāminī | cremābāminī | cremābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cremantur | cremābantur | cremābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cremer | cremārer |
| 2nd sg. | cremēris cremēre | cremārēris cremārēre |
| 3rd sg. | cremētur | cremārētur |
| 1st pl. | cremēmur | cremārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cremēminī | cremārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | crementur | cremārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cremā | cremāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cremāte | cremāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cremātō | cremātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cremātō | cremātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cremātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cremantō | cremantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cremāre | cremārī |
| perfect infinitive | cremāvisse cremāsse | cremātum esse |
| future infinitive | cremātūrum esse | cremātum īrī |
| present participle | cremāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cremātus cremāta, cremātā, cremātae, cremātam, cremātārum, cremātās, cremātī, cremātōrum, cremātōs |
| future participle | cremātūrus cremātūra, cremātūrā, cremātūrae, cremātūram, cremātūrārum, cremātūrās, cremātūre, cremātūrī, cremātūrīs, cremātūrō, cremātūrōrum, cremātūrōs, cremātūrum | cremandus cremanda, cremandā, cremandae, cremandam, cremandārum, cremandās, cremande, cremandīs, cremandōrum, cremandōs |
gerundcremandī, cremandō, cremandumsupinecremātum, cremātū
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- igni cremari, necari
- to perish in the flames.
- aliquem mortuum cremare (Sen. 23. 84)
- to burn a corpse.
crĕmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. Sanscr. çar, çri, to boil, roast; cf. carbo,
I. to burn, consume by fire (freq. and class.; cf. comburo).
I. In gen.:
ignis silvas cremarat, Lucr. 5, 1242; cf.: poëtam igni, Suet. Calig. 27 fin.: omnes collegas suos vivos, Val. Max. 6, 3, 2; Curt. 4, 8, 9: damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; Curt. 8, 9, 32; 5, 6, 7: urbem incendiis, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 5: cremare et diruere urbem, Liv. 28, 19, 12: Ilium, Hor. C. 4, 4, 53: lectum, Suet. Caes. 84: libros, id. Aug. 31: frondem et herbas, Ov. M. 6, 457: rates, id. ib. 14, 85 et saep.: in cinerem, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 41.—II. In partic.
A. Of the burning of the dead:
primus (Sulla) e patriciis Corneliis igni voluit cremari, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57: mortali corpore cremato, id. Div. 1, 23, 47: cujus (Catonis) a me corpus est crematum, id. Sen. 23, 84; Plin. 7, 54, 55, § 187; Tac. G. 27; Suet. Aug. 100; Hor. Epod. 17, 79 et saep.—C. Of things devoted, Liv. 41, 12, 6; 10, 29, 18.
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
cremō āvī, ātus, āre
2 CAR-, to burn, consume by fire: igni cremari, Cs.: urbem, L.: herbas, O.: Visa (est) ornatum flammā cremari, to be ablaze in her head - dress, V. — Of the dead: igni voluit cremari: corpora lignis, Ta.: crematos excitare mortuos, H.—Of sacrifices, O.: spolia Iovi, as an offering, L.: dona, V.
Origins
Within Italic, perhaps related to Umbrian 𐌊𐌓𐌄𐌌𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌀 (krematra). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”); if so, then cognate with carbō (“charcoal”) (though disputed), English hearth. An alternative theory links the word to Proto-Celtic *kurmi (“beer”).
Borrowings
- Englishcremate
- Frenchcrémer
- Germankremieren
- Italiancremare
- Portuguesecremar
- Spanishcremar
- Dutchcremeren
- Galiciancremar
- Swedishkremera
Occitano-Romance
- Catalancremar
- Occitancremar
- Frenchcramerfrom Occitan cremar
- Occitancramar
Gallo-Italic
- Old Liguriancremar
- Lombardgremâfrom Old Lombard cremar
Gallo-Romance
- Champenoiscran
- Franco-Provençalcren
- Normancraingnes
Ibero-Romance
- Aragonesecremar
- unknown*caimāre