verbthird conjugation
arguō
arguō (present infinitive arguere, perfect active arguī, supine argūtum)
Classical[ˈar.ɡu.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈar.ɡu.o]
Meaning
- to clarify, to make plain; to assert, declare, prove, show
- to reprove, accuse, charge with
Nōlī arguere dērīsōrem nē ōderit tē argue sapientem et dīliget tē.
Translation from American Standard Version: Reprove not a scoffer, lest he hate thee: Reprove a wise man, and he will love thee.Vulgate; Prōverbia, 9:8 - to blame, censure
- to denounce as false
- to argue, to allege; to disclose; to complain of, convict
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Arguere · Incusare · Culpare · Criminari · Insimulare · Deferre · Accusare
Arguere (from ἀργός) is the most general expression for any imputation of supposed or actual guilt, whether in a court of justice or not, as to tax or charge with; incusare, and the less frequent term culpare, denote only a complaint made out of a court of justice; criminari, an accusation with hostile or evil intention, in a calumnious spirit; insimulare, in an undeserved or slanderous manner, through suspicion; deferre, to impeach before a judge; accusare, to impeach in a criminal court. Cic. Lig. 4, 10. Arguis fatentem. Non est satis. Accusas eum. (ii. 163.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | arguō | arguēbam | arguam | arguī | argueram | arguerō |
| 2nd sg. | arguis | arguēbās | arguēs | arguistī | arguerās | argueris |
| 3rd sg. | arguit | arguēbat | arguet | arguit | arguerat | arguerit |
| 1st pl. | arguimus | arguēbāmus | arguēmus | arguimus | arguerāmus | arguerimus |
| 2nd pl. | arguitis | arguēbātis | arguētis | arguistis | arguerātis | argueritis |
| 3rd pl. | arguunt | arguēbant | arguent | arguērunt arguēre | arguerant | arguerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | arguam | arguerem | arguerim | arguissem |
| 2nd sg. | arguās | arguerēs | arguerīs | arguissēs |
| 3rd sg. | arguat | argueret | arguerit | arguisset |
| 1st pl. | arguāmus | arguerēmus | arguerīmus | arguissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | arguātis | arguerētis | arguerītis | arguissētis |
| 3rd pl. | arguant | arguerent | arguerint | arguissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | arguor | arguēbar | arguar |
| 2nd sg. | argueris arguere | arguēbāris arguēbāre | arguēris arguēre |
| 3rd sg. | arguitur | arguēbātur | arguētur |
| 1st pl. | arguimur | arguēbāmur | arguēmur |
| 2nd pl. | arguiminī | arguēbāminī | arguēminī |
| 3rd pl. | arguuntur | arguēbantur | arguentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | arguar | arguerer |
| 2nd sg. | arguāris arguāre | arguerēris arguerēre |
| 3rd sg. | arguātur | arguerētur |
| 1st pl. | arguāmur | arguerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | arguāminī | arguerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | arguantur | arguerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | argue | arguere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | arguite | arguiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | arguitō | arguitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | arguitō | arguitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | arguitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | arguuntō | arguuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | arguere | arguī |
| perfect infinitive | arguisse | argūtum esse |
| future infinitive | argūtūrum esse | argūtum īrī |
| present participle | arguēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | argūtus |
| future participle | argūtūrus argūtūra, argūtūrā, argūtūrae, argūtūram, argūtūrārum, argūtūrās, argūtūre, argūtūrī, argūtūrīs, argūtūrō, argūtūrōrum, argūtūrōs, argūtūrum | arguendus arguenda, arguendā, arguendae, arguendam, arguendārum, arguendās, arguende, arguendīs, arguendōrum, arguendōs |
gerundarguendī, arguendō, arguendumsupineargūtum, argūtū
argŭo, ŭi, ūtum (ŭĭtum, hence arguiturus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 882 P.), 3, v. a. cf. ἀργής, white; ἀργός, bright; Sanscr. árgunas, bright; ragatas, white; and rag, to shine (v. argentum and argilla); after the same analogy we have clarus, bright; and claro, to make bright, to make evident; and the Engl. clear, adj., and to clear = to make clear; v. Georg Curtius p. 171.
I. A.. In gen., to make clear, to show, prove, make known, declare, assert, μηνύειν:
arguo Eam me vidisse intus, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: non ex auditu arguo, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65: M. Valerius Laevinus ... speculatores, non legatos, venisse arguebat, Liv. 30, 23: degeneres animos timor arguit, Verg. A. 4, 13: amantem et languor et silentium Arguit, Hor. Epod. 11, 9; id. C. 1, 13, 7.—Pass., in a mid. signif.: apparet virtus arguiturque malis, makes itself known, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 80: laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus, betrays himself, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 6.—B. Esp.
a. With aliquem, to attempt to show something, in one's case, against him, to accuse, reprove, censure, charge with: Indicāsse est detulisse;
arguisse accusāsse et convicisse, Dig. 50, 16, 197 (cf. Fest. p. 22: Argutum iri in discrimen vocari): tu delinquis, ego arguar pro malefactis? Enn. (as transl. of Eurip. Iphig. Aul. 384: Εἶτʼ ἐγὼ δίκην δῶ σῶν κακῶν ὁ μὴ σφαλείς) ap. Rufin. § 37: servos ipsos neque accuso neque arguo neque purgo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 120: Pergin, sceleste, intendere hanc arguere? Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 27; 2, 2, 32: hae tabellae te arguunt, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 10: an hunc porro tactum sapor arguet oris? Lucr. 4, 487: quod adjeci, non ut arguerem, sed ne arguerer, Vell. 2, 53, 4: coram aliquem arguere, Liv. 43, 5: apud praefectum, Tac. A. 14, 41: (Deus) arguit te heri, Vulg. Gen. 31, 42; ib. Lev. 19, 17; ib. 2 Tim. 4, 2; ib. Apoc. 3, 19 al.—b. With the cause of complaint in the gen.; abl. with or without de; with in with abl.; with acc.; with a clause as object; or with ut (cf. Ramsh. p. 326; Zumpt, § 446).
(a). With gen.:
malorum facinorum, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 56 (cf. infra, argutus, B. 2.): aliquem probri, Stupri, dedecoris, id. Am. 3, 2, 2: viros mortuos summi sceleris, Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 26: aliquem tanti facinoris, id. Cael. 1: criminis, Tac. H. 1, 48: furti me arguent, Vulg. Gen. 30, 33; ib. Eccl. 11, 8: repetundarum, Tac. A. 3, 33: occupandae rei publicae, id. ib. 6, 10: neglegentiae, Suet. Caes. 53: noxae, id. Aug. 67: veneni in se comparati, id. Tib. 49: socordiae, id. Claud. 3: mendacii, id. Oth. 10: timoris, Verg. A. 11, 384: sceleris arguemur, Vulg. 4 Reg. 7, 9; ib. Act. 19, 40 al.— (g). With de:
de eo crimine, quo de arguatur, Cic. Inv 2, 11, 37: de quibus quoniam verbo arguit, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 29 fin.: Quis arguet me de peccato? Vulg. Joan. 8, 46; 16, 8.—(d). With in with abl. (eccl. Lat.):
non in sacrificiis tuis arguam te, Vulg. Psa. 49, 8.—(ε) With acc.: quid undas Arguit et liquidam molem camposque natantīs? of what does he impeach the waves? etc., quid being here equivalent to cujus or de quo, Lucr. 6, 405 Munro.—(ζ) With an inf.-clause as object: quae (mulier) me arguit Hanc domo ab se subripuisse, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 4, 36: occidisse patrem Sex. Roscius arguitur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37: auctor illius injuriae fuisse arguebatur? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 33: qui sibimet vim ferro intulisse arguebatur, Suet. Claud. 16; id. Ner. 33; id. Galb. 7: me Arguit incepto rerum accessisse labori, Ov. M. 13, 297; 15, 504.—(η) With ut, as in Gr. ὡς (post-Aug. and rare), Suet. Ner. 7: hunc ut dominum et tyrannum, illum ut proditorem arguentes, as being master and tyrant, Just. 22, 3.—II. Transf. to the thing.
1. To accuse, censure, blame:
ea culpa, quam arguo, Liv. 1, 28: peccata coram omnibus argue, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 20: tribuni plebis dum arguunt in C. Caesare regni voluntatem, Vell. 2, 68; Suet. Tit. 5 fin.: taciturnitatem pudoremque quorumdam pro tristitiā et malignitate arguens, id. Ner. 23; id. Caes. 75: arguebat et perperam editos census, he accused of giving a false statement of property, census, id. Calig. 38: primusque animalia mensis Arguit imponi, censured, taught that it was wrong, Ov. M. 15, 73: ut non arguantur opera ejus, Vulg. Joan. 3, 20.—2. Trop., to denounce as false:
quod et ipsum Fenestella arguit, Suet. Vit. Ter. p. 292 Roth.—With reference to the person, to refute, confute: aliquem, Suet. Calig. 8.—Hence, argūtus, a, um, P. a. A. Of physical objects, clear.
1. To the sight, bright, glancing, lively:
manus autem minus arguta, digitis subsequens verba, non exprimens, not too much in motion, Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 220 (cf. id. Or. 18, 59: nullae argutiae digitorum, and Quint. 11, 3, 119-123): manus inter agendum argutae admodum et gestuosae, Gell. 1, 5, 2: et oculi nimis arguti, quem ad modum animo affecti sumus, loquuntur, Cic. Leg. 1, 9, 27: ocelli, Ov. Am. 3, 3, 9; 3, 2, 83: argutum caput, a head graceful in motion, Verg. G. 3, 80 (breve, Servius, but this idea is too prosaic): aures breves et argutae, ears that move quickly (not stiff, rigid), Pall. 4, 13, 2: argutā in soleā, in the neat sandal, Cat. 68, 72.—2. a.. To the hearing, clear, penetrating, piercing, both of pleasant and disagreeable sounds, clear-sounding, sharp, noisy, rustling, whizzing, rattling, clashing, etc. (mostly poet.): linguae, Naev. ap. Non. p. 9, 24:
aves, Prop. 1, 18, 30: hirundo, chirping, Verg. G. 1, 377: olores, tuneful, id. E. 9, 36: ilex, murmuring, rustling (as moved by the wind), id. ib. 7, 1: nemus, id. ib. 8, 22 al.—Hence, a poet. epithet of the musician and poet, clear-sounding, melodious: Neaera, Hor. C. 3, 14, 21: poëtae, id. Ep. 2, 2, 90: fama est arguti Nemesis formosa Tibullus, Mart. 8, 73, 7: forum, full of bustle or din, noisy, Ov. A.A. 1, 80: serra, grating, Verg. G. 1, 143: pecten, rattling, id. ib. 1, 294; id. A. 7, 14 (cf. in Gr. κερκὶς ἀοιδός, Aristoph. Ranae, v. 1316) al.—Hence, of rattling, prating, verbose discourse: sine virtute argutum civem mihi habeam pro preaeficā, etc., Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 14: [Neque mendaciloquom neque adeo argutum magis], id. Trin. 1, 2, 163 Ritschl.—b. Trop., of written communications, rattling, wordy, verbose:
obviam mihi litteras quam argutissimas de omnibus rebus crebro mittas, Cic. Att. 6, 5: vereor, ne tibi nimium arguta haec sedulitas videatur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1. —Transf. to omens, clear, distinct, conclusive, clearly indicative, etc.: sunt qui vel argutissima haec exta esse dicant, Cic. Div. 2, 12 fin.: non tibi candidus argutum sternuit omen Amor? Prop. 2, 3, 24.—3. To the smell; sharp, pungent:
odor argutior, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 18.—4. To the taste; sharp, keen, pungent:
sapor, Pall. 3, 25, 4; 4, 10, 26.—B. Of mental qualities.
1. In a good sense, bright, acute, sagacious, witty:
quis illo (sc. Catone) acerbior in vituperando? in sententiis argutior? Cic. Brut. 17, 65: orator, id. ib. 70, 247: poëma facit ita festivum, ita concinnum, ita elegans, nihil ut fieri possit argutius, id. Pis. 29; so, dicta argutissima, id. de Or. 2, 61, 250: sententiae, id. Opt. Gen. 2: acumen, Hor. A. P. 364: arguto ficta dolore queri, dexterously-feigned pain, Prop. 1, 18, 26 al.—2. In a bad sense, sly, artful, cunning:
meretrix, Hor. S. 1, 10, 40: calo. id. Ep. 1, 14, 42: milites, Veg. Mil. 3, 6.—As a pun: ecquid argutus est? is he cunning? Ch. Malorum facinorum saepissime (i.e. has been accused of), Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 56 (v. supra, I. B. a.).—Hence, adv.: argūtē (only in the signif. of B.). a. Subtly, acutely:
respondere, Cic. Cael. 8: conicere, id. Brut. 14, 53: dicere, id. Or. 28, 98.—Comp.: dicere, Cic. Brut. 11, 42.— Sup.: de re argutissime disputare, Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 18.—Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
arguō uī, ūtus, ere
ARG-, to make known, show, prove, manifest, disclose, declare, betray: genus arguitur voltu, O.: Degeneres animos timor arguit, V.: amantem silentium Arguit, H.—Pass reflex., to betray oneself: Laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus, H. — To accuse, complain of, inform against, charge, blame, denounce: servos: ambigue dictum, censure, H.: quid arguis? What is your accusation?: ea culpa quam arguo, L.: facinoris: sceleris: culpae regem, L.: occupandae rei p. argui, Ta.: me timoris, V.: te hoc crimine: quo (crimine) argui posset, N.: id quod me arguis: de quibus verbo: civīs Romanos necatos esse: pulsum (me esse), V.: me patrium temerasse cubile Arguit, O.: animalia mensis Arguit imponi, censured the practice, O.: occidisse patrem arguitur.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂erǵ-
- Proto-Indo-European*h₂érǵus
- Proto-Italic*argusder.?
- Latinarguō
Often taken to be a denominative verb from Proto-Italic *argus (“bright”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-s (“white”), from *h₂erǵ-. Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ἄργυρος (árguros) and Hittite 𒄯𒆠𒅖 (ḫarkiš, “bright, white”). If so, compare English declare (literally “to make clear”) for the sense development. Duchesne-Guillemin, Laroche and Melchert reject the above etymology and instead compare arguō with the semantically better-fitting Hittite [script needed] (arkuwā(i)-, “state one's case, make a plea”).
Descendants
- Catalanargüir
- Englishargue
- Frencharguer
- Italianarguire
- Portuguesearguir
- Spanishargüir
- Galicianargüír