rōbustus
Meaning
- adjectiveof oak, oaken
- adjectivebroadlyhard, firm, solid, robust
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Validus · Firmus · Robustus
1. Validus (from ὅλος, οὖλος), means strong, in an active sense, as able to perform something, in opp. to imbecillis, Cic. Fam. vii. 1. Plin. H. N. xiv. 21, like σθεναρός; whereas firmus and robustus, in a passive sense, as able to endure; firmum (from φράξαι, φάργνυμι), strong from an immovable position, and, consequently, stedfast, in opp. to labans, vacillans, and, for want of a corresponding adjective, to imbecillus, Cic. Fam. ix. 16. Sall. Jug. 10. Quintil. v. 10, 49, like βέβαιος; robustum (from ἐῤῥῶσθαι) through its compact nature, and its impenetrable and, consequently, durable materials, nearly in opp. to tenerum, like ῥωμαλέος and ἰσχυρός. 2. Imbecillitas denotes generally a mental, infirmitas, a bodily weakness, according to Cic. Fin. v. 45. In infirma ætate, imbecillaque mente: both are sometimes used in a mental sense, in which case imbecillitas denotes a natural weakness of the head or heart, a want of talent or of spirit; whereas infirmitas, a moral weakness of character, fickleness and uncertainty, for example: Cæs. B. G. vii. 77. Nolite stultitia ac temeritate vestra aut imbecillitate animi omnem Galliam prosternere; comp. with iv. 5. Cæsar infirmitatem Gallorum veritus, quod sunt in consiliis capiendis mobiles et rebus plerumque novis student. Or, Cic. Divin. ii. 60, with Fam. xv. 1. Or, Tac. Ann. iv. 8, with Hist. i. 9. (iv. 164.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rōbustus | rōbusta | rōbustum |
| genitive | rōbustī | rōbustae | rōbustī |
| dative | rōbustō | rōbustae | rōbustō |
| accusative | rōbustum | rōbustam | rōbustum |
| ablative | rōbustō | rōbustā | rōbustō |
| vocative | rōbuste | rōbusta | rōbustum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | rōbustī | rōbustae | rōbusta |
| genitive | rōbustōrum | rōbustārum | rōbustōrum |
| dative | rōbustīs | rōbustīs | rōbustīs |
| accusative | rōbustōs | rōbustās | rōbusta |
| ablative | rōbustīs | rōbustīs | rōbustīs |
| vocative | rōbustī | rōbustae | rōbusta |
capitulum, Cato, R. R. 18, 4: stipites, id. ib. 18, 8: materia, Varr. R. R. 1, 38, 3; Col. 2, 14, 6: caudices, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 151: stipites, Liv. 38, 5: fores, Hor. C. 3, 16, 2: plaustra, id. Ep. 2, 2, 74 et saep.: carcer (referring to the Robur in the Roman carcer; v. robur, II. A. 2.), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 13; cf. codex, id. Poen. 5, 3, 39. — lapides, Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167: cornua, id. 11, 37, 45, § 125: palmes, id. 17, 22, 35, § 175: cibus, hearty, nourishing, Cels. 2, 18: robustior cibus, id. 2, 18: triticum, Col. 2, 9, 3; Plin. 18, 17, 46, § 166; 18, 30, 72, § 298: robustissima terra, Col. 2, 2, 17: robustissimum solum, id. 1, praef. § 24: robustissima oppida, strongly fortified, Flor. 1, 12, 3. — Esp. of persons: robusti et valentes satellites, Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84; cf.: transit in aestatem post ver robustior annus, Fitque valens juvenis, Ov. M. 15, 206: usu atque aetate robustior, Cic. Sull. 16, 47; cf. id. Phil. 5, 16, 43; id. Cat. 2, 9, 20: robustiores vinum bibere, infirmiores aquam, Plin. 27, 4, 10, § 27: moderator aratri, Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; cf. vires, id. 3, 449: puer acri militiā, Hor. C. 3, 2, 2: corpore amplo atque robusto, Suet. Tib. 68: robustissima juventus, id. Ner. 20. — solidam et robustam et assiduam frequentiam praebuerunt, id. Planc. 8, 21: res vetustate robustas calumniando pervertere, id. Div. 1, 18, 35; cf.: robusta et solida eloquentia, Quint. 10, 1, 2: robusta et stabilis fortitudo, Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 51: inveteratum (malum) fit plerumque robustius, id. Phil. 5, 11, 31: quae robustioris improbitatis, id. ib. 2, 25, 63: animus (with magna constantia), id. Off. 1, 20, 67: vox, Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76: carmen, Pers. 5, 5: amicitiae exempla, Val. Max. 4, 7, 2: populus Romanus, Flor. 2, 1, 1. — Adv.: rōbustē, stoutly, strongly, firmly, Naz. Pan. ad Constant. 17.— Comp., Aug. Conf. 8, 11.—Sup.: robustissime, Cassiod. Var. 12, 21.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Latin rōbustus From rōbus (“a kind of hard oak; hardness, strength”) + -tus. Compare typologically Russian здоро́вый (zdoróvyj) (akin to де́рево (dérevo)).
- Catalanrobust
- Englishrobust
- Frenchrobuste
- Italianrobusto
- Romanianrobust
- Portugueserobusto
- Spanishrobusto
- Dutchrobuustfrom French robuste
- Galicianrobusto