cumulō
Meaning
- to heap, pile up, amass, accumulate
- to fill by heaping, overload
- to increase, augment
- figurativelyto make complete, accomplish
In the readers how our graded readers gloss it
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Acervus · Congeries · Strues · Cumulus
1. Acervus and congeries mean ‘heaps’ of homogeneous things collected and piled up in layers; acervus [from ἀγείρω], like σωρός, with arrangement, and mostly in a conical shape, but congeries, negligently, and altogether without regard to shape; strues denotes that something new is produced, and a determinate form given, serving a particular purpose; like θημών. Curt. viii. 7. 11. Passim acervos struesque accendebant; meaning by acervos ‘heaps’ or ‘piles,’ by strues ‘stacks’ of wood. 2. Cumulus (from ἀκμή) means strictly, not the heap itself, but the top, by which the heap is completed as a whole, like the key-stone, by which any thing first reaches its proper and complete height, almost like κορυφή; and it has this meaning particularly in cumulare, which is like κορυφοῦν. Compare Liv. xxii. 59. Superstantes cumulis cæsorum corporum, with Cannenses campos acervi Romanorum corporum tegunt: and xxiii. 5. Molibus ex humanorum corporum strue faciendis. (ii. 118.)
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cumulō | cumulābam | cumulābō | cumulāvī | cumulāveram cumulāram | cumulāverō cumulārō |
| 2nd sg. | cumulās | cumulābās | cumulābis | cumulāvistī cumulāstī | cumulāverās cumulārās | cumulāveris cumulāris |
| 3rd sg. | cumulat | cumulābat | cumulābit | cumulāvit cumulāt | cumulāverat cumulārat | cumulāverit cumulārit |
| 1st pl. | cumulāmus | cumulābāmus | cumulābimus | cumulāvimus cumulāmus | cumulāverāmus cumulārāmus | cumulāverimus cumulārimus |
| 2nd pl. | cumulātis | cumulābātis | cumulābitis | cumulāvistis cumulāstis | cumulāverātis cumulārātis | cumulāveritis cumulāritis |
| 3rd pl. | cumulant | cumulābant | cumulābunt | cumulāvērunt cumulārunt, cumulāvēre | cumulāverant cumulārant | cumulāverint cumulārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cumulem | cumulārem | cumulāverim cumulārim | cumulāvissem cumulāssem |
| 2nd sg. | cumulēs | cumulārēs | cumulāverīs cumulārīs | cumulāvissēs cumulāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | cumulet | cumulāret | cumulāverit cumulārit | cumulāvisset cumulāsset |
| 1st pl. | cumulēmus | cumulārēmus | cumulāverīmus cumulārīmus | cumulāvissēmus cumulāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cumulētis | cumulārētis | cumulāverītis cumulārītis | cumulāvissētis cumulāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | cumulent | cumulārent | cumulāverint cumulārint | cumulāvissent cumulāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cumulor | cumulābar | cumulābor |
| 2nd sg. | cumulāris cumulāre | cumulābāris cumulābāre | cumulāberis cumulābere |
| 3rd sg. | cumulātur | cumulābātur | cumulābitur |
| 1st pl. | cumulāmur | cumulābāmur | cumulābimur |
| 2nd pl. | cumulāminī | cumulābāminī | cumulābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | cumulantur | cumulābantur | cumulābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cumuler | cumulārer |
| 2nd sg. | cumulēris cumulēre | cumulārēris cumulārēre |
| 3rd sg. | cumulētur | cumulārētur |
| 1st pl. | cumulēmur | cumulārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | cumulēminī | cumulārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | cumulentur | cumulārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cumulā | cumulāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cumulāte | cumulāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cumulātō | cumulātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cumulātō | cumulātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cumulātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cumulantō | cumulantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cumulāre | cumulārī |
| perfect infinitive | cumulāvisse cumulāsse | cumulātum esse |
| future infinitive | cumulātūrum esse | cumulātum īrī |
| present participle | cumulāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | cumulātus cumulāta, cumulātā, cumulātae, cumulātam, cumulātārum, cumulātās, cumulātī, cumulātōrum, cumulātōs |
| future participle | cumulātūrus cumulātūra, cumulātūrā, cumulātūrae, cumulātūram, cumulātūrārum, cumulātūrās, cumulātūre, cumulātūrī, cumulātūrīs, cumulātūrō, cumulātūrōrum, cumulātūrōs, cumulātūrum | cumulandus cumulanda, cumulandā, cumulandae, cumulandam, cumulandārum, cumulandās, cumulande, cumulandīs, cumulandōrum, cumulandōs |
Phrases from Meissner's Latin Phrase-Book
- omni laude cumulare aliquem
- to overwhelm with eulogy.
- aliquid felicitatem magno cumulo auget
- his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is...
- scelus scelere cumulare (Catil. 1. 6. 14)
- to heap crime on crime.
- beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate)
- to (richly) recompense a kindness or service.
esp. in Curt. and Tac.): materiem, Lucr. 1, 989: nubila, id. 6, 191; 6, 518: stipites, Curt. 6, 6: harenas, id. 5, 1, 30: nivem, id. 5, 4, 88: arma in ingentem acervum, Liv. 45, 33, 1: pyram truncis nemorumque ruinā, Stat. Th. 6, 85.—benefacta, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 64: omnia principatūs vocabula, Tac. H. 2, 80: honores in eam, id. A. 13, 2: tantum honorum atque opum in me cumulasti, id. ib. 14, 53; 1, 21: propemodum saeculi res in illum unum diem fortuna cumulavit, Curt. 4, 16, 10.— funus funere, Lucr. 6, 1237 (cf. Liv. 26, 41, 8): aes alienum usuris, id. 2, 23, 6: haec aliis nefariis cumulant atque adaugent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30; cf.: alio scelere hoc scelus, id. Cat. 1, 6, 14: bellicam gloriam eloquentiā, id. Off. 1, 32, 116.—invidiam, Liv. 3, 12, 8: injurias, id. 3, 37, 3: vitia, Tac. Or. 28: accesserunt quae cumularent religiones animis, Liv. 42, 20, 5.—locum strage semiruti muri, Liv. 32, 17, 10: fossas corporibus, Tac. H. 4, 20: viscera Thyesteis mensis, Ov. M. 15, 462: cumulatae flore ministrae, id. F. 4, 451: altaria donis, Verg. A. 11, 50; cf.: aras honore, donis, Liv. 8, 33, 21; Curt. 5, 1, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 204.— altos lacus fervida musta, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 72; cf.: cumulata ligula salis cocti, a full spoon, spoonful, Col. 2, 21, 2.— non possum non confiteri cumulari me maximo gaudio, quod, etc., Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 1; cf.: ponebas cumulatum aliquem plurimis voluptatibus, id. Fin. 2, 19, 63: nunc meum cor cumulatur irā, Caecil. ap. Cic. Cael. 16, 37: duplici dedecore cumulata domus, Cic. Att. 12, 5, 1; cf.: orator omni laude cumulatus, id. de Or. 1, 26, 118: tot honoribus cumulatus, Tac. H. 3, 37: hoc vitio cumulata est Graecorum natio, Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 18: neque tot adversis cumulant, overwhelm, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 55.— * ad cumulandum gaudium (meum) conspectum mihi tuum defuisse, in order to make my joy full, complete, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 2; cf. under P. a., B. α.—Hence, cŭmŭlātus, a, um, P. a. eādem mensurā reddere quā acceperis aut etiam cumulatiore, Cic. Brut. 4, 15: gloria cumulatior, Liv. 2, 47, 11; cf. id. 4, 60, 2.—tantum accessit ad amorem, ut mirarer locum fuisse augendi in eo, quod mihi jam pridem cumulatum etiam videbatur, Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5: hoc sentire et facere perfectae cumulataeque virtutis (est), id. Sest. 40, 86.—Poet.: veniam ... cumulatam morte remittam, i. e. cumulate referam, shall abundantly reward, Verg. A. 4, 436.— scelerum cumulatissime, Plaut. Aul. 5, 16.—Adv.: cŭmŭ-lātē, in rich abundance, abundantly, copiously (freq. in Cic.; elsewh. very rare), Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Att. 6, 3, 3 al.—Comp., Cic. Or. 17, 54.—Sup., Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; 10, 29 init.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱewh₁-
- Proto-Indo-European*ḱuh₁mósder.?
- Latincumulō
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin cumulō From cumulus (“a heap”) + -ō.
- Englishcumulate
- Frenchcombler
- Frenchcumuler
- Italiancumulare
- Italiancolmare
- Portuguesecolmar
- Portuguesecumular
- Spanishcolmar
- Spanishcumular
- Asturiancombrar