cōnīveō
Meaning
- to close or screw up the eyes, blink, wink
- to overlook, connive or turn a blind eye
Conjugation conjugation 2 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnīveō | cōnīvēbam | cōnīvēbō | cōnīxī cōnīvī | cōnīxeram cōnīveram | cōnīxerō cōnīverō |
| 2nd sg. | cōnīvēs | cōnīvēbās | cōnīvēbis | cōnīxistī cōnīvistī | cōnīxerās cōnīverās | cōnīxeris cōnīveris |
| 3rd sg. | cōnīvet | cōnīvēbat | cōnīvēbit | cōnīxit cōnīvit | cōnīxerat cōnīverat | cōnīxerit cōnīverit |
| 1st pl. | cōnīvēmus | cōnīvēbāmus | cōnīvēbimus | cōnīximus cōnīvimus | cōnīxerāmus cōnīverāmus | cōnīxerimus cōnīverimus |
| 2nd pl. | cōnīvētis | cōnīvēbātis | cōnīvēbitis | cōnīxistis cōnīvistis | cōnīxerātis cōnīverātis | cōnīxeritis cōnīveritis |
| 3rd pl. | cōnīvent | cōnīvēbant | cōnīvēbunt | cōnīxērunt cōnīxēre, cōnīvērunt, cōnīvēre | cōnīxerant cōnīverant | cōnīxerint cōnīverint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | cōnīveam | cōnīvērem | cōnīxerim cōnīverim | cōnīxissem cōnīvissem |
| 2nd sg. | cōnīveās | cōnīvērēs | cōnīxerīs cōnīverīs | cōnīxissēs cōnīvissēs |
| 3rd sg. | cōnīveat | cōnīvēret | cōnīxerit cōnīverit | cōnīxisset cōnīvisset |
| 1st pl. | cōnīveāmus | cōnīvērēmus | cōnīxerīmus cōnīverīmus | cōnīxissēmus cōnīvissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | cōnīveātis | cōnīvērētis | cōnīxerītis cōnīverītis | cōnīxissētis cōnīvissētis |
| 3rd pl. | cōnīveant | cōnīvērent | cōnīxerint cōnīverint | cōnīxissent cōnīvissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | cōnīvē | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | cōnīvēte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | cōnīvētō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | cōnīvētō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | cōnīvētōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | cōnīventō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | cōnīvēre | — |
| perfect infinitive | cōnīxisse cōnīvisse | — |
| present participle | cōnīvēns | — |
perh. also connipsi, connipseram, App. M. 11, p. 146 Hildebr. Min.), 2 (access. form of inf. conivĕre, Calvus ap. Prisc. l. l.), v. n. niveo, kindr. with nico and nicto, to close or shut. * cava ventris ac stomachi inanitate diutinā contrahuntur et conivent, Gell. 16, 3, 3.—More freq., coniventes illi oculi abavi tui, Cic. Har. Resp. 18, 38: conivent solemque pavent agnoscere visu, Sil. 7, 729; cf. Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 10: ad tonitrua et fulgura, Suet. Calig. 51: contra conminationem aliquam (gladiatores), Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 144.—With acc. Gr.: nam non conivi oculos ego deinde sopore, Cassius, l. l.: (oculis) somno coniventibus, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143; Col. 10, 259.—* certa sunt enim pleraque et nisi coniveamus, in oculos incurrunt, Quint. 10, 3, 16: multa nobis blandimenta natura ipsa genuit, quibus sopita virtus coniveret, Cic. Cael. 17, 41: animus atque mens viri prudentis in sollicitis numquam conivens, nusquam aciem suam flectens, etc., Gell. 13, 27, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 9.—haec ipsa concedo: quibusdam etiam in rebus coniveo, Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 18: pro di immortales! cur interdum in hominum sceleribus maxumis aut conivetis aut ... poenas in diem reservetis? id. Cael. 24, 59: qui ob eam causam in tot tantisque sceleribus conivebant, id. Har. Resp. 24, 52; id. Agr. 2, 28, 77; Fragm. ap. Prob. II. p. 1482 P.: seditiosorum punitor acerrimus, conivebat in ceteris, Suet. Caes. 67; Pers. 6, 50.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Disputed. According to De Vaan, from earlier Proto-Italic *kom-kneiɣʷēō, from *kom- + *kneiɣʷēō, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Rix suggests that the term derives from a Proto-Indo-European causative formed from *kneygʷʰ- + *-éyeti. According to Sihler, the possible Proto-Italic causative form *kom-knoyɣwejō may have undergone a phonological development from *kom-knoyɣwejō to *kongneyw- before culminating in connīveō. Sihler suggests that connīveō is the earlier form and that cōn- originates from connīveō via a possible Latin sound change in which long nasal consonants were shortened when placed after a short vowel followed by compensatory lengthening of the prior short vowel. Sihler suggests that this same sound shift may have occurred in Latin āmentum, perhaps from ammentum. However, a causative form *knoyʷʰéyeti would produce a Proto-Italic term beginning with *knoi-, and De Vaan suggests that the long vowel ī in -nīveō indicates a Proto-Italic diphthong *-ei-. Instead, De Vaan suggests that the term could derive from a Proto-Indo-European stative. According to De Vaan, the term shows a more specific phonetic development of *komkn-, to *koŋɣn-, to *koɣn-, before culminating in cōn-. De Vaan considers it possible that the term, and its Germanic cognates, actually derive from a substrate language due to unusual root structure and the limited distribution of Indo-European cognates. Cognate with nicō, nictō, nītor (“to bear or rest upon something”), and with Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną.
- Englishconnive
- Middle Frenchconniver