vafer
Meaning
- adjectivesly, cunning, crafty, artful, subtle
Choosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Astutus · Callidus · Vafer · Versutus
Astutus or in old Latin astus (from ἀκή, acuere), and callidus, denote cunning, more in an intellectual sense, as a mark of cleverness; astutus, indeed, acuteness in the invention and execution of a secret project, synonymous with solers; but callidus (from κάλλος), sharp-sightedness in judging of a complicated question of conduct, or worldly wisdom, as the consequence of a knowledge of mankind, and of intercourse with the world, synonymous with rerum peritus, as judicious, and, in its degenerate signification, crafty, like κερδαλέος; on the other hand, vafer and versutus denote cunning in a moral sense, as a mark of dishonesty, and, indeed, vafer (ὑφή), adroitness in introducing tricks, particularly in judicial affairs, as the tricks of a lawyer, like πανοῦργος; versutus (ἀρτυτός), versatility in dissimulation, and in the art of getting out of a scrape by some means or other; in opp. to simplex, Cic. Fin. iv. 25, like στροφαῖος. Plin. Ep. vii. 6. Juvenis ingeniosus, sed parum callidus. Cic. Brut. 48. Callidus, et in capiendo adversario versutus. (iii. 220.)
Declension
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | in -er vafer | vafra | vafrum |
| genitive | vafrī | vafrae | vafrī |
| dative | vafrō | vafrae | vafrō |
| accusative | vafrum | vafram | vafrum |
| ablative | vafrō | vafrā | vafrō |
| vocative | vafer | vafra | vafrum |
| form | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vafrī | vafrae | vafra |
| genitive | vafrōrum | vafrārum | vafrōrum |
| dative | vafrīs | vafrīs | vafrīs |
| accusative | vafrōs | vafrās | vafra |
| ablative | vafrīs | vafrīs | vafrīs |
| vocative | vafrī | vafrae | vafra |
syn.: callidus, versutus): (hominis) non aperti, non simplicis, non ingenui, non justi, non viri boni, versuti potius, obscuri, astuti, fallacis, malitiosi, callidi, veteratoris, vafri, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 57: in disputando vafri, id. Rep. 3, 16, 26 (cited ap. Non. 19, 33); Afran. ap. Non. 20, 3; Hor. S. 1, 3, 130; 2, 5, 24; id. C. 3, 7, 12; Ov. H. 20, 30: lingua, Pompon. ap. Non. 19, 32: jus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 131: Flaccus, Pers. 1, 116; 1, 132: ars, Mart. 12, 61, 3: mores Hannibalis, Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 8: vafra et fallaciosa argumenta, Gell. 7, 3, 34. —Comp., Hier. Ep. 38, 5.—Sup.: Stoicorum somniorum vaferrimus interpres, Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 39: interrogationes, Sen. Ep. 48, 5.—Adv.: vā^frē, slyly, cunningly, artfully: nihil sane vafre nec malitiose facere conatus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132: tam vafre Telluri impressum osculum, Val. Max. 7, 3, ext. 2.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
Unknown. There is no regular source of morpheme-medial -f- in Latin words inherited from Proto-Italic, which suggests that this word was borrowed, possibly from a non-Latin Italic language. There is a single attestation of a potential native Latin cognate *vaber in the form vabrum, found alongside "varium" and "multiforme" in a gloss to Isidore. These both can be derived from a common Proto-Italic *wafro-. This in turn could go back either to earlier *wasro-, sharing a root *was- with varius (“varied”), or alternatively to earlier *waθro-, with a root *waθ- shared with vādō (“to go, proceed”) and vadum from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ-.
- Italianvafro