verbthird conjugation
succumbō
succumbō (present infinitive succumbere, perfect active succubuī, supine succubitum)
Classical[sʊkˈkʊm.boː]Ecclesiastical[sukˈkum.bo]
Meaning
- to sink, fall, lie or break down
- to collapse, to succumb
- to concede defeat
- to surrender, to yield, to succumb
Magnō animō et ērēctō est, nec umquam succumbet inimīcīs, nē fortūnae quidem.
He preserves a great and lofty spirit, and will never succumb to his enemies, nor even to fortune.46 BCE, Cicero, Pro rege Deiotaro 36 - to submit
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | succumbō | succumbēbam | succumbam | succubuī | succubueram | succubuerō |
| 2nd sg. | succumbis | succumbēbās | succumbēs | succubuistī | succubuerās | succubueris |
| 3rd sg. | succumbit | succumbēbat | succumbet | succubuit | succubuerat | succubuerit |
| 1st pl. | succumbimus | succumbēbāmus | succumbēmus | succubuimus | succubuerāmus | succubuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | succumbitis | succumbēbātis | succumbētis | succubuistis | succubuerātis | succubueritis |
| 3rd pl. | succumbunt | succumbēbant | succumbent | succubuērunt succubuēre | succubuerant | succubuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | succumbam | succumberem | succubuerim | succubuissem |
| 2nd sg. | succumbās | succumberēs | succubuerīs | succubuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | succumbat | succumberet | succubuerit | succubuisset |
| 1st pl. | succumbāmus | succumberēmus | succubuerīmus | succubuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | succumbātis | succumberētis | succubuerītis | succubuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | succumbant | succumberent | succubuerint | succubuissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | succumbor | succumbēbar | succumbar |
| 2nd sg. | succumberis succumbere | succumbēbāris succumbēbāre | succumbēris succumbēre |
| 3rd sg. | succumbitur | succumbēbātur | succumbētur |
| 1st pl. | succumbimur | succumbēbāmur | succumbēmur |
| 2nd pl. | succumbiminī | succumbēbāminī | succumbēminī |
| 3rd pl. | succumbuntur | succumbēbantur | succumbentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | succumbar | succumberer |
| 2nd sg. | succumbāris succumbāre | succumberēris succumberēre |
| 3rd sg. | succumbātur | succumberētur |
| 1st pl. | succumbāmur | succumberēmur |
| 2nd pl. | succumbāminī | succumberēminī |
| 3rd pl. | succumbantur | succumberentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | succumbe | succumbere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | succumbite | succumbiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | succumbitō | succumbitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | succumbitō | succumbitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | succumbitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | succumbuntō | succumbuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | succumbere | succumbī |
| perfect infinitive | succubuisse | succubitum esse |
| future infinitive | succubitūrum esse | succubitum īrī |
| present participle | succumbēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | succubitus succubita, succubitā, succubitae, succubitam, succubitārum, succubitās, succubite, succubitī, succubitīs, succubitō, succubitōrum, succubitōs |
| future participle | succubitūrus succubitūra, succubitūrā, succubitūrae, succubitūram, succubitūrārum, succubitūrās, succubitūre, succubitūrī, succubitūrīs, succubitūrō, succubitūrōrum, succubitūrōs, succubitūrum | succumbendus succumbundus, succumbenda, succumbendā, succumbendae, succumbendam, succumbendārum, succumbendās, succumbende, succumbendīs, succumbendōrum, succumbendōs |
gerundsuccumbendī, succumbendō, succumbendumsupinesuccubitum, succubitū
suc-cumbo (subc-), cŭbŭi, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n.,
I. to lay or put one's self under any thing; to fall down, lie, or sink down.
I. Lit. (rare; not in Cic.; cf. subsido).
A. In gen.:
ancipiti succumbens victima ferro, Cat. 64, 370: vidit Cyllenius omnes Succubuisse oculos, had sunk in sleep, i. e. had closed, Ov. M. 1, 714: (Augustus) Nolae succubuit, took to his bed, Suet. Aug. 98 fin.: non succumbentibus causis operis, Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 106; Arn. 6, 16 Hildebr.—B. In partic.
1. Of a woman, to lie down to a man, to cohabit with him (cf. substerno):
alicui, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 9; Cat. 111, 3; Ov. F. 2, 810; Petr. 126; Inscr. Grut. 502, 1; Mart. 13, 64, 1; 14, 201.—2. With dat., of a woman, to be a rival to:
alumnae Tethyos, Hyg. Fab. 177; id. Astr. 2, 1.—II. Trop., to yield, be overcome; to submit, surrender, succumb (the predom. and class. signif.; cf.: cedo, me summitto).
(a). With dat. (so most freq.):
philosopho succubuit orator, Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129: qui Cannensi ruinae non succubuissent, Liv. 23, 25: arrogantiae divitum, Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48: cur succumbis cedisque fortunae? id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36; id. Sull. 25, 71; cf.: nulli neque homini neque perturbationi animi nec fortunae, id. Off. 1, 20, 66: magno animo et erecto est, nec umquam succumbet inimicis, ne fortunae quidem, id. Deiot. 13, 36: mihi, Nep. Eum. 11, 5: labori, Caes. B. G, 7, 86: oneri, Liv. 6, 32: doloribus, Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49: senectuti, id. Sen. 11, 37: crimini, id. Planc. 33, 82: magis, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 103; Sil. 14, 609: culpae, Verg. A. 4, 19; Ov. M. 7, 749: tempori, to yield, Liv. 3, 59, 5: pugnae, id. 22, 54: precibus, Ov. H. 3, 91: voluntati alicujus, App. M. 9, p. 228, 9.—(b). Absol.:
non esse viri debilitari dolore, frangi, succumbere, Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95: huic (socero) subvenire volt succumbenti jam et oppresso, id. Agr. 2, 26, 69: succubuit famae victa puella metu, Ov. F. 2, 810: hac ille perculsus plagā non succubuit, Nep. Eum. 5, 1: succumbe, virtus, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1315: labefacta mens succubuit, id. Troad. 950; App. M. 5, p. 161, 33. —* (g). With inf.:
nec ipsam perpeti succubuisset, Arn. 1, 38.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
succumbō (sub-c-) cubuī, ere
CVB-, to fall down, lie down, sink : vidit Cyllenius omnīs Succubuisse oculos, had sunk in sleep , O.—Fig., to yield, be overcome, submit, surrender, succumb : debilitari dolore, succumbere: hac ille perculsus plagā non succubuit, N.: philosopho succubuit orator: qui Cannensi ruinae non succubuissent, L.: fortunae: mihi, N.: labori, Cs.: malis, O.: culpae, V.: tempori, to yield , L.: precibus, O.— To cohabit with : alcui, Ct., O.
Origins
- Proto-Indo-European*upó
- Proto-Italic*supo
- Latinsuccumbō
Latin sub- Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-der. Proto-Italic *kumbō Latin *cumbō Latin succumbō From sub- + *cumbō (“lie down”).
Descendants
- Catalansucumbir
- Frenchsuccomberfrom Old French succomber
- Englishsuccumbfrom Old French succomber
- Portuguesesucumbir
- Spanishsucumbir
- Italiansoccombere
- Dalmatiansuccunbar
- Galiciansucumbir
- Piedmontesesocombe