verbthird conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
sternuō
sternuō (present infinitive sternuere, perfect active sternuī)
Classical[ˈstɛr.nu.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈstɛr.nu.o]
Meaning
- intransitiveto sneeze
Conjugation conjugation 3 no-supine
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sternuō | sternuēbam | sternuam | sternuī | sternueram | sternuerō |
| 2nd sg. | sternuis | sternuēbās | sternuēs | sternuistī | sternuerās | sternueris |
| 3rd sg. | sternuit | sternuēbat | sternuet | sternuit | sternuerat | sternuerit |
| 1st pl. | sternuimus | sternuēbāmus | sternuēmus | sternuimus | sternuerāmus | sternuerimus |
| 2nd pl. | sternuitis | sternuēbātis | sternuētis | sternuistis | sternuerātis | sternueritis |
| 3rd pl. | sternuunt | sternuēbant | sternuent | sternuērunt sternuēre | sternuerant | sternuerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | sternuam | sternuerem | sternuerim | sternuissem |
| 2nd sg. | sternuās | sternuerēs | sternuerīs | sternuissēs |
| 3rd sg. | sternuat | sternueret | sternuerit | sternuisset |
| 1st pl. | sternuāmus | sternuerēmus | sternuerīmus | sternuissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | sternuātis | sternuerētis | sternuerītis | sternuissētis |
| 3rd pl. | sternuant | sternuerent | sternuerint | sternuissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | sternue | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | sternuite | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | sternuitō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | sternuitō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | sternuitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | sternuuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | sternuere | — |
| perfect infinitive | sternuisse | — |
| present participle | sternuēns | — |
gerundsternuendī, sternuendō, sternuendum
sternŭo, ŭi, 3, v. n. and a.
I. [cf. Gr. πτάρνυσθαι, v. Georg Curtius Griech. Etym. p. 696].
I. Neutr., to sneeze:
adorare aliquem, cum sternuerit, Plin. 2, 40, 40, § 107; 28, 6, 15, § 57; 19, 3, 15, § 40 (al. sternuto); Col. 7, 5, 18 Schneid. N. cr.—* B. Transf., of a light, to sputter, crackle:
sternuit et lumen ... sternuit, et nobis prospera signa dedit, Ov. H. 19, 151 sq.—II. Act., to sneeze out, give by sneezing:
omen, Prop. 2, 3, 24; so, approbationem, Cat. 45, 9 and 18.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
sternuō —, —, ere
cf. πτάρνυμαι,, to sneeze, sputter, crackle : Sternuit et lumen, O.— To give by sneezing : omen, Pr.: approbationem, Ct.
Origins
From Proto-Indo-European *(p)st(e)rnu- (“to sneeze”), presumably with imitative deformation; the internal *-r- in the Latin word and its presumed cognates makes the word unlikely to be independently formed in all the branches it is found in. Cognate with Welsh trew (“sneeze”), Breton strevial, Ancient Greek πταρμός (ptarmós, “sneeze”), and Armenian փռշտալ (pʻṙštal, “to sneeze”). Also compare other onomatopoeic formations like Polish kichać, Russian чихать (čixatʹ), Lithuanian čiáudėti, and Sanskrit क्षु (kṣu).