verbfirst conjugation
runcō
runcō (present infinitive runcāre, perfect active runcāvī, supine runcātum)
Classical[ˈrʊŋ.koː]Ecclesiastical[ˈruŋ.ko]
Meaning
- to weed, clear of weeds
- to weed out, thin out, root up
- figurativelyto deprive of hair
penemque arcanaque lumbi runcantem populo marcentis pandere bulbos
Weeding your prick and the recesses of your backside and exposing your withered nuts to the public!c. 62 CE, Persius, Saturae 4.35
Conjugation conjugation 1
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | runcō | runcābam | runcābō | runcāvī | runcāveram | runcāverō runcārō |
| 2nd sg. | runcās | runcābās | runcābis | runcāvistī runcāstī | runcāverās runcārās | runcāveris |
| 3rd sg. | runcat | runcābat | runcābit | runcāvit | runcāverat runcārat | runcāverit runcārit |
| 1st pl. | runcāmus | runcābāmus | runcābimus | runcāvimus | runcāverāmus | runcāverimus runcārimus |
| 2nd pl. | runcātis | runcābātis | runcābitis | runcāvistis runcāstis | runcāverātis runcārātis | runcāveritis runcāritis |
| 3rd pl. | runcant | runcābant | runcābunt | runcāvērunt runcāvēre, runcārunt | runcāverant runcārant | runcāverint runcārint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | runcem | runcārem | runcāverim runcārim | runcāvissem runcāssem |
| 2nd sg. | runcēs | runcārēs | runcāverīs | runcāvissēs runcāssēs |
| 3rd sg. | runcet | runcāret | runcāverit runcārit | runcāvisset runcāsset |
| 1st pl. | runcēmus | runcārēmus | runcāverīmus runcārīmus | runcāvissēmus runcāssēmus |
| 2nd pl. | runcētis | runcārētis | runcāverītis runcārītis | runcāvissētis runcāssētis |
| 3rd pl. | runcent | runcārent | runcāverint runcārint | runcāvissent runcāssent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | runcor | runcābar | runcābor |
| 2nd sg. | runcāris runcāre | runcābāris runcābāre | runcāberis runcābere |
| 3rd sg. | runcātur | runcābātur | runcābitur |
| 1st pl. | runcāmur | runcābāmur | runcābimur |
| 2nd pl. | runcāminī | runcābāminī | runcābiminī |
| 3rd pl. | runcantur | runcābantur | runcābuntur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | runcer | runcārer |
| 2nd sg. | runcēris runcēre | runcārēris runcārēre |
| 3rd sg. | runcētur | runcārētur |
| 1st pl. | runcēmur | runcārēmur |
| 2nd pl. | runcēminī | runcārēminī |
| 3rd pl. | runcentur | runcārentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | runcā | runcāre |
| pres. 2nd pl. | runcāte | runcāminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | runcātō | runcātor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | runcātō | runcātor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | runcātōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | runcantō | runcantor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | runcāre | runcārī |
| perfect infinitive | runcāvisse runcāsse | runcātum esse |
| future infinitive | runcātūrum esse | runcātum īrī |
| present participle | runcāns | — |
| perfect participle | — | runcātus runcāta, runcātā, runcātae, runcātam, runcātārum, runcātās, runcātī, runcātōrum, runcātōs |
| future participle | runcātūrus runcātūra, runcātūrā, runcātūrae, runcātūram, runcātūrārum, runcātūrās, runcātūre, runcātūrī, runcātūrīs, runcātūrō, runcātūrōrum, runcātūrōs, runcātūrum | runcandus runcanda, runcandā, runcandae, runcandam, runcandārum, runcandās, runcande, runcandīs, runcandōrum, runcandōs |
gerundruncandī, runcandō, runcandumsupineruncātum, runcātū
runco, āre, v. a. runca, runcina,
I. to weed out, root up; to weed, clear of weeds.
I. Lit.:
spinas, Cato, R. R. 2: segetes, Varr. R. R. 1, 30; Col. 11, 2, 40; Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 184; Tert. Pall. 2 med.—II. Transf. *
A. To pluck, deprive of its hair, Pers. 4, 35.—
B. To mow: frumenta, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 8 med.
runco, ōnis, m. 1. runco,
I. a weedinghook, grubbing-hoe, Pall. 1, 43, 3; cf. Isid. Orig. 20, 14, 5.
Origins
Probably from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk-. According to De Vaan, the root *h₃rewk- may have given rise to the nasal-infix verb *h₃runékti, which itself possibly gave rise to a noun or adjective Proto-Italic *runk-o-s. The verb runcō may have been formed as a denominative to such a noun or adjective. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”).
Gallo-Romance
- Catalanarrencar
- Catalanarrancar
- Occitanarrancar
- Occitanarranchar
Italo-Romance
- Italianroncare
- Italianarroncare
- Sicilianruncari
- Sicilianarruncari
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesearrancarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese arrancar
- Spanisharrancar
- Aragoneserancar
- Aragoneserencar
- Aragonesearencar
- Aragonesearrancar
- Asturianarrincarfrom Old Leonese arincar
- Asturianarrancarfrom Old Leonese arincar
- Mirandesearrincarfrom Old Leonese arincar
- Galicianarrancarfrom Old Galician-Portuguese arrancar
Balkano-Romance
- Romanianarunca
- Aromanianaruc
- Megleno-Romanianrunc
- Albanianrungoj
Gallo-Italic
- Emilianrancar
- Ligurianrancâ
- Lombardrancar
- Piedmonteseranché