occulō
Meaning
- to cover, hide, conceal
Quod superest, quaecumque premes virgulta per agros, Sparge fimo pingui et multa memor occule terra, Aut lapidem bibulum aut squalentis infode conchas; Inter enim labentur aquae tenuisque subibit Halitus atque animos tollent sata; iamque reperti, Qui saxo super atque ingentis pondere testae Urgerent; hoc effusos munimen ad imbris,
Translation by James B. Greenough For the rest, whate'er The sets thou plantest in thy fields, thereon Strew refuse rich, and with abundant earth Take heed to hide them, and dig in withal Rough shells or porous stone, for therebetween Will water trickle and fine vapour creep, And so the plants their drooping spirits raise. Aye, and there have been, who with weight of stone Or heavy potsherd press them from above; This serves for shield in pelting showers, and this When the hot dog-star chaps the fields with drought.c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 2.346–353
Latīnē defined in Latin in our graded readers
abditus, nōn apertusChoosing the right word Döderlein's Latin Synonyms
Celare · Occulere · Occultare · Clam · Abdere · Condere · Abscondere · Recondere
1. Celare has an abstract or intellectual reference to its object, like κεύθειν, in opp. to fateri, and so forth; synonymously with reticere, Liv. xxiv. 5. Curt. vi. 9; whereas occulere, occultare, have a concrete and material reference to their object, like κρύπτειν, in opp. to aperire, synonymously with obtegere; Cic. Acad. iv. 19. N. D. ii. 20. Fin. i. 9, 30. Att. v. 15: the celanda remain secret, unless they happen to be discovered; but the occultanda would be exposed to sight, unless particular circumspection and precaution were used. 2. In the same manner clam and clanculum denote secretly, in opp. to palam, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8; whereas occulte, in opp. to aperte, Cic. Rull. i. 1. 3. Occulere denotes any concealment; occultare, a careful or very anxious concealment, and on this account finds no place in negative propositions, or as seldom, for example, as redolere. 4. Occultare means to prevent anything being seen, by keeping it covered; whereas abdere, condere, and abscondere, by removing the thing itself; abdere (ἀποθεῖναι) by laying it aside, and putting it away, like ἀποκρύπτειν; condere (καταθεῖναι), by depositing it in a proper place of safety, like κατακρύπτειν; recondere, by hiding it carefully and thoroughly; abscondere, by putting it away, and preserving it. (iv. 45.)
Conjugation conjugation 3
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occulō | occulēbam | occulam | occuluī | occulueram | occuluerō |
| 2nd sg. | occulis | occulēbās | occulēs | occuluistī | occuluerās | occulueris |
| 3rd sg. | occulit | occulēbat | occulet | occuluit | occuluerat | occuluerit |
| 1st pl. | occulimus | occulēbāmus | occulēmus | occuluimus | occuluerāmus | occuluerimus |
| 2nd pl. | occulitis | occulēbātis | occulētis | occuluistis | occuluerātis | occulueritis |
| 3rd pl. | occulunt | occulēbant | occulent | occuluērunt occuluēre | occuluerant | occuluerint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occulam | occulerem | occuluerim | occuluissem |
| 2nd sg. | occulās | occulerēs | occuluerīs | occuluissēs |
| 3rd sg. | occulat | occuleret | occuluerit | occuluisset |
| 1st pl. | occulāmus | occulerēmus | occuluerīmus | occuluissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | occulātis | occulerētis | occuluerītis | occuluissētis |
| 3rd pl. | occulant | occulerent | occuluerint | occuluissent |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occulor | occulēbar | occular |
| 2nd sg. | occuleris occulere | occulēbāris occulēbāre | occulēris occulēre |
| 3rd sg. | occulitur | occulēbātur | occulētur |
| 1st pl. | occulimur | occulēbāmur | occulēmur |
| 2nd pl. | occuliminī | occulēbāminī | occulēminī |
| 3rd pl. | occuluntur | occulēbantur | occulentur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | occular | occulerer |
| 2nd sg. | occulāris occulāre | occulerēris occulerēre |
| 3rd sg. | occulātur | occulerētur |
| 1st pl. | occulāmur | occulerēmur |
| 2nd pl. | occulāminī | occulerēminī |
| 3rd pl. | occulantur | occulerentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | occule | occulere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | occulite | occuliminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | occulitō | occulitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | occulitō | occulitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | occulitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | occuluntō | occuluntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | occulere | occulī |
| perfect infinitive | occuluisse | occultum esse |
| future infinitive | occultūrum esse | occultum īrī |
| present participle | occulēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | occultus |
| future participle | occultūrus occultūra, occultūrā, occultūrae, occultūram, occultūrārum, occultūrās, occultūre, occultūrī, occultūrīs, occultūrō, occultūrōrum, occultūrōs, occultūrum | occulendus occulundus, occulenda, occulendā, occulendae, occulendam, occulendārum, occulendās, occulende, occulendīs, occulendōrum, occulendōs |
virgulta multā terrā, Verg. G. 2, 346.—vitia corporis fuco, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118: vulnera, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 2: (feminae) parietum umbris occuluntur, are kept concealed, id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36: hastatos, Liv. 33, 1: se silvā, id. 25, 8, 5: classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe, Verg. A. 1, 310: caligine terras, Ov. M. 1, 600: puncta argumentorum, Cic. de Or. 2, 41, 77: narratum ab iis, to keep secret, conceal, Tac. A. 3, 16: vitia, Quint. 12, 8, 10.— Absol.: si quis et imprudens aspexerit, occulat ille, Tib. 1, 2, 37.—* scanned ŏccultus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 39; 86; id. Capt. 1, 1, 15; cf. Brix, Trin. Einleit. p. 14 Ritschl ad Plaut. Trin. l. l. ed. 2), a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed, secret (freq. and class.; syn. abditus): hi saltem in occultis locis prostant, vos in foro ipso, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 21: res occultae et penitus abditae, Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 49: occultiores insidiae, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 39: occultior atque tectior cupiditas, id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104: si quid erit occultius et reconditum, id. Fam. 11, 21, 5: cum res occultissimas aperueris in lucemque protuleris, id. Ac. 2, 19, 62: per occultos calles, Verg. A. 9, 383: via, id. ib. 3, 695: nota, Ov. A. A. 3, 630: sapor, Verg. G. 3, 397: crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo, Fama Marcelli, from an obscure, remote age, Hor. C. 1, 12, 45: res, i. e. the hidden laws of nature, Lucr. 1, 145; 424; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 15 sq.; 2, 41, 127; id. Fin. 3, 11, 37; 4, 7, 18 al.: occulti miranda potentia fati, Juv. 7, 200.—si me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 8: ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque, Liv. 25, 16, 4; Tac. A. 6, 51.—With gen.: occultus odii, dissembling his hate, Tac. A. 4, 7.—qui ejusmodi preces occulti illuderent, Tac. A. 3, 29; 4, 12: patris mei amicitias non occulti ferunt, id. ib. 4, 40.—servi, quibus occulta creduntur, Cic. Cael. 23, 57: cui fervens Aestuat occultis animus semperque tacendis, Juv. 3, 50. —With gen.: occulta saltuum scrutari, Tac. A. 1, 61: occulta conjurationis retexere, id. ib. 15, 74: occulta cordis, Vulg. 1 Cor. 14, 25: hominum, id. Rom. 2, 16: ab occultis meis, from my secret sins, id. Psa. 18, 13.—stare in occulto, Cic. Clu. 28, 78: per occultum (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 6, 7; 4, 71 fin.; 5, 4; Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 124: ex occulto, from a place of concealment, secret place, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 17: Jugurtha ex occulto repente nostros invadit, Sall. J. 59, 2.—Hence, secretly: ex occulto intervenire, Cic. Clu. 16, 47.—Hence, adv., in three forms: occultē (class.), occultō (ante-class.), and occultim (post-class.), in concealment, in secret, secretly, privately. neque id occulte fert, does not keep it secret, makes no secret of it, does not conceal it, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 30: ea nunc occulte cuniculis oppugnatur, Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 1: proficisci, Caes. B. C. 1, 66: inter se constituere aliquid, id. B. G. 7, 83: labitur occulte, Ov. M. 10, 519: nec clam illud occulteque factum est, Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6.—reptare, Sol. 4.—conari occultius, Cic. Deiot. 6, 18: erant praeterea complures paulo occultius consilii hujus participes, Sall. C. 17, 5: Quint. 9, 4, 21.—Sup.: quam potuit occultissime reliquas cohortes duxit, Caes. B. C. 3, 67: castra quam potest occultissime locat, Liv. 9, 2; Sall. J. 91, 3; for which maxime occulte, Sall. J. 35, 4.Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
Origins
From ob- + *celō (“to hide”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéleti (verb), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (root). The same root is found in cēlō (“to hide”) and clam (“secretly, stealthily”).