verbfourth conjugation, no passive
grunniō
grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum)
Classical[ˈɡrʊn.ni.oː]Ecclesiastical[ˈɡrun.ni.o]
Meaning
- to grunt (like a pig)
Apion piscium maximum esse tradit porcum, quem Lacedaemoni orthagoriscum vocent; grunnire eum, cum capiatur.
Apino tells us that the larges of the fishes is the pig-fish, which the Lacedaemonians call the orthagoriscum, because it grunts when it is caught77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 32.9
Conjugation conjugation 4
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | grunniō | grunniēbam | grunniam | grunnīvī grunniī | grunnīveram grunnieram | grunnīverō grunnierō |
| 2nd sg. | grunnīs | grunniēbās | grunniēs | grunnīvistī grunniistī | grunnīverās grunnierās | grunnīveris grunnieris |
| 3rd sg. | grunnit | grunniēbat | grunniet | grunnīvit grunniit | grunnīverat grunnierat | grunnīverit grunnierit |
| 1st pl. | grunnīmus | grunniēbāmus | grunniēmus | grunnīvimus grunniimus | grunnīverāmus grunnierāmus | grunnīverimus grunnierimus |
| 2nd pl. | grunnītis | grunniēbātis | grunniētis | grunnīvistis grunniistis | grunnīverātis grunnierātis | grunnīveritis grunnieritis |
| 3rd pl. | grunniunt | grunniēbant | grunnient | grunnīvērunt grunnīvēre, grunniērunt, grunniēre | grunnīverant grunnierant | grunnīverint grunnierint |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | grunniam | grunnīrem | grunnīverim grunnierim | grunnīvissem grunniissem |
| 2nd sg. | grunniās | grunnīrēs | grunnīverīs grunnierīs | grunnīvissēs grunniissēs |
| 3rd sg. | grunniat | grunnīret | grunnīverit grunnierit | grunnīvisset grunniisset |
| 1st pl. | grunniāmus | grunnīrēmus | grunnīverīmus grunnierīmus | grunnīvissēmus grunniissēmus |
| 2nd pl. | grunniātis | grunnīrētis | grunnīverītis grunnierītis | grunnīvissētis grunniissētis |
| 3rd pl. | grunniant | grunnīrent | grunnīverint grunnierint | grunnīvissent grunniissent |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | grunnī | — |
| pres. 2nd pl. | grunnīte | — |
| fut. 2nd sg. | grunnītō | — |
| fut. 3rd sg. | grunnītō | — |
| fut. 2nd pl. | grunnītōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | grunniuntō | — |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | grunnīre | — |
| perfect infinitive | grunnīvisse grunniisse | — |
| future infinitive | grunnītūrum esse | — |
| present participle | grunniēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | grunnīta grunnītā, grunnītae, grunnītam, grunnītārum, grunnītās, grunnītī, grunnītōrum, grunnītōs, grunnītus |
| future participle | grunnītūrus grunnītūra, grunnītūrā, grunnītūrae, grunnītūram, grunnītūrārum, grunnītūrās, grunnītūre, grunnītūrī, grunnītūrīs, grunnītūrō, grunnītūrōrum, grunnītūrōs, grunnītūrum | — |
gerundgrunniendī, grunniendō, grunniendumsupinegrunnītum, grunnītū
grunnĭo (also ante-class. grundio), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. n.,
I. to grunt.
I. Lit., said of swine: grunnit tepido lacte satur, Varr. ap. Non. 114, 27: grunnientem aspexi scrofam, Laber. ib. 30:
Apion maximum piscium esse tradit porcum: grunnire eum, cum capiatur, Plin. 32, 2, 9, § 19; Juv. 15, 22: grundibat graviter pecus suillum, Quadrig. ap. Diom. p. 379 P.—II. Transf., of other creatures: agni grundibant, Quadrig. ap. Non. 465, 1: cruento ita ore grundibat miser, Caecil. ib. (Com. Fragm. v. 103 Rib.).
Charlton Lewis's shorter dictionary for students: the same scholarship in plain, modern definitions.
grūnniō īvī, —, īre,
to grunt, Iu.
Origins
From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, *gʰru-, an imitative root, similar to Ancient Greek γρῦ (grû, “grunt of swine”), English grunt, grudge.
Southern Gallo-Romance
- Catalangrunyir
- Occitanrondir
- Catalanrondinarfrom Occitan rondir
- Occitanrondinar
Northern Gallo-Romance
- Frenchgrognerfrom Old French grognir
- Frenchgronderfrom Old French grognir
- Normangrounrefrom Old French grognir
- Normangrognierfrom Old French grognir
Ibero-Romance
- Portuguesegrunhirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese grunnir
- Spanishgruñir
- Galiciangruñirfrom Old Galician-Portuguese grunnir
Italo-Romance
- Italiangrugnire
Balkano-Romance
- Aromaniangurnjescu
- Aromaniangurnjiri