apiō
Meaning
- to bind, fasten, join; attach, connect
[…]linguam autem dēbēre aiunt non esse līberam nec vagam, sed vinclīs de pectore īmō ac dē corde aptīs movērī et quasi gubernārī.
They say that the tongue should not be free and wandering, but that it should be moved and, so to say, steered by cords attached to the deep chest and heart.c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 1.15.1Apex est pilleum sutile quod sacerdotes gentiles utebantur, appellatus ab apiendo, id est adligando.
c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 19.30.5 - to snag, snare
Conjugation
| form | present | imperfect | future | perfect | pluperfect | fut. perfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | apiō | apiēbam | apiam | — | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | apis | apiēbās | apiēs | — | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | apit | apiēbat | apiet | — | — | — |
| 1st pl. | apimus | apiēbāmus | apiēmus | — | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | apitis | apiēbātis | apiētis | — | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | apiunt | apiēbant | apient | — | — | — |
active subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect | perfect | pluperfect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | apiam | aperem | — | — |
| 2nd sg. | apiās | aperēs | — | — |
| 3rd sg. | apiat | aperet | — | — |
| 1st pl. | apiāmus | aperēmus | — | — |
| 2nd pl. | apiātis | aperētis | — | — |
| 3rd pl. | apiant | aperent | — | — |
passive indicative
| form | present | imperfect | future |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | apior | apiēbar | apiar |
| 2nd sg. | aperis apere | apiēbāris apiēbāre | apiēris apiēre |
| 3rd sg. | apitur | apiēbātur | apiētur |
| 1st pl. | apimur | apiēbāmur | apiēmur |
| 2nd pl. | apiminī | apiēbāminī | apiēminī |
| 3rd pl. | apiuntur | apiēbantur | apientur |
passive subjunctive
| form | present | imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | apiar | aperer |
| 2nd sg. | apiāris apiāre | aperēris aperēre |
| 3rd sg. | apiātur | aperētur |
| 1st pl. | apiāmur | aperēmur |
| 2nd pl. | apiāminī | aperēminī |
| 3rd pl. | apiantur | aperentur |
imperative
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| pres. 2nd sg. | ape | apere |
| pres. 2nd pl. | apite | apiminī |
| fut. 2nd sg. | apitō | apitor |
| fut. 3rd sg. | apitō | apitor |
| fut. 2nd pl. | apitōte | — |
| fut. 3rd pl. | apiuntō | apiuntor |
infinitives & participles
| form | active | passive |
|---|---|---|
| present infinitive | apere | apī |
| perfect infinitive | — | aptum esse |
| future infinitive | aptūrum esse | aptum īrī |
| present participle | apiēns | — |
| perfect participle | — | aptus |
| future participle | aptūrus | apiendus apiundus |
Origins
Proto-Indo-European [Term?]der. Proto-Italic *apjō Latin apiō Probably from Proto-Italic *apjō. The following two Indo-European roots have been proposed: * Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“grab, snatch, get”). The LIV suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁p-yé-ti, though De Vaan alternatively reconstructs an athematic i-present of the shape *h₁p-i-. Potential cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒅁𒍣 (ēp(p)zi ~ ap(p)anz(i), “to take, grab”). * Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to attach, join”). Potential cognates include Hittite 𒄩𒀊 (ḫapp-, “to join, attach”), Ancient Greek ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten”). Within Latin, other possibly related terms include apīscor, coepiō, cōpula (“bond, tie, connection; band, leash”), apex. The only form of apiō in common use is the perfect participle aptus, which is used as an adjective with a range of senses, not all of which necessarily share the same etymology. (Rix derives the adjective aptus (“suitable, fitting”) from *h₂ep- but apiō and apīscor from *h₁ep-.) The present (or infectum) stem is attested only a few times, in etymological explanations given in works of Saint Isidore of Seville, Paul the Deacon (summarizing Sextus Pompeius Festus) and Servius, as well as glosses. The perfect stem is hypothesized to have originally been *ēp-; compare coēpit in Lucretius 4.619.