-tus¹

Meaning

1. morphemesuffixForms the past participle of verbs.
2. morphemesuffixForms adjectives having the sense "provided with".
   iūs (“law, legality; equity, the right, justice”) → iūstus (“lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just”)
   onus (“a burden or load, especially one excessive in magnitude”) → onustus (“burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load”)

Origins

Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós. Compare Sanskrit -त (-tá), Proto-Slavic *-tъ, Proto-Germanic *-þaz, *-daz, *-taz.

Meaning

1. masculinemorphemeForms action nouns from verbs.
   cadō + -tus → cāsus
   habeō (“to have, possess, have on, carry, wear”) + -tus → habitus (“a state or condition of being, physical character, demeanour, style of dress”)

Origins

Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tus, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots). Cognate with Sanskrit -तुम् (-tum), Proto-Germanic *-þuz, Ancient Greek -τύς (-tús), Proto-Slavic *-tъ.

Meaning

1. morphemeForms collective/abstract nouns from adjectives or other nouns.
   iuvenis (“young, a young man”) → iuventūs (“the young, young men collectively; the period or qualities of youthful manhood, youth”)
   senex (“an old man”) → senectūs (“old men collectively; the period or condition of old age”)

Origins

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-tuHts (abstract-noun forming suffix). Compare Proto-Celtic *-tūss, Gothic -𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 (-dūþs). See -tās.

Meaning

1. morphemenot comparable-ly; forms adverbs.

Origins

Proto-Indo-European *-tosder. Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Inherited from Proto-Italic *-tos, from Proto-Indo-European *-tos. Compare Ancient Greek -τός (-tós), found in the adverb ἐντός (entós, “within”), and Sanskrit -तस् (-tas), found as an ablatival ending in अतस् (átas), अग्रतस् (agratás).